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Biology
Genetics Test Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | Alternative froms of a gene |
| Gamete | Sex cells of sexually reproducing organisms |
| Phenotype | The physical characteristics of an organism such as brown eyes, purple flowers, long hair, etc. |
| Homozygous resessive | A genotype in which the individual inherits 2 rcessive alleles |
| Trait | Characteristics that can be inherited |
| Genotype | The combination of alleles that an organism inherits |
| Homozygous dominant | A genotype in which the individual inherits 2 dominant alleles |
| Zygote | The first cell that results after gametes unite |
| Incomplete dominance | A type of inheritance in which 1 allele is not completly dominant over the other |
| Law of Segregation | States that "Alleles separate from one another during the formation of gametes" |
| Recessive | The form of a trait that can be hidden and is only expressed when the individual inherits 2 alleles of this type |
| Multiple alleles | A type of inheritance in which more than 2 alleles exist for a trait |
| Rule of Unit Factors | States that "2 alleles inherited from parents control the traits of organisms" |
| Dominant | The form of a trait that is expressed even if the organism inherits only 1 allele of this type |
| Polygenic inheritance | A type of inheritance in which a particular trait is produced by many genes interacting with one another |
| Rule of Dominance | States that "of the 2 alleles an organism inherits, one is capable of hiding the other" |
| Codominance | A type of inheritance in which both alleles of a heterzygote are equally expressed |
| Law of Independent Assortment | States that "traits are inherited without influencing one another" |