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Grd8Sci: Earthquakes
Lovely, huh? Earthquakes!
| u no? i dont care | one hundred percent |
|---|---|
| stress | A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. |
| tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. |
| compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. |
| shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement. |
| normal fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust. |
| hanging wall | The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault. |
| footwall | The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault. |
| reverse fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust. |
| strike-slip fault | A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion. |
| anticline | An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth’s crust. |
| syncline | A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth’s crust. |
| plateau | A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level. |
| elastic limit | the point at which the material undergoing stress no longer behaves elastically and ruptures |
| fault | A break in Earth’s crust where masses of rock slip past each other. |
| How does stress in the crust change Earth’s surface? | Tension, compression, and shearing work over millions of years to change the shape and volume of rock. |
| Where are faults usually found, and why do they form? | Most faults occur along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks. |
| What land features result from the forces of plate movement? | Over millions of years, the forces of plate movement can change a flat plain into land forms such as anticlines and synclines, folded mountains, fault-block mountains, and plateaus. |
| A good way to remember the difference between anticlines and synclines. | A is for arch and anticline, syncline is the opposite. |
| What are the three types of seismic waves? | primary waves, secondary waves, and lateral waves |
| Which type of seismic wave is the fastest? | primary waves |
| What are the three types of faults? | normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults |
| What are the three types of stress? | tension, compression, and shearing |
| Which fault is divergent (the plates pull away)? | normal faults |
| earthquake | ground displacement associated with the sudden release of built up stress in the crust/lithosphere. |
| focus | the actual place in the lithosphere where the earthquake originates (underground) |
| epicenter | the point on the earth's surface that is directly above the focus |
| seismic waves | the form in which energy is released during an earthquake |
| P-waves | A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. |
| S-wave | A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side. |
| L-wave | A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth’s surface. |
| Another name for L-waves | surface waves |
| What wave cannot travel through liquids? | secondary waves |
| What type of waves are P-waves? | compression waves |
| Can non-compression waves be found at reverse faults (compression based faults)? | yes |
| Which direction do particles move in relation to the wave in P-waves? | parallel |
| What type of waves are S-waves? | shearing waves |
| Which direction do particles move in relation to the wave in S-waves? | perpendicular |
| What type of seismic waves are the most dangerous? | L-waves |
| Which type of seismic wave is the slowest? | surface waves |
| Where do P-waves and S-waves start out? | the focus |
| Where do L-waves start out? | the epicenter |
| Which direction do particles move in relation to the wave in L-waves? | eliptical |
| shadow zone | an area specific to each seismic event/earthquake epicenter where P-waves and S-waves cannot be detected |
| In between what degrees from the epicenter are the shadow zones located? | 105 degrees and 140 degrees |
| Mercalli scale | A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place. |
| Richter scale | A scale that rates an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves. |
| seismograph | A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth. |
| magnitude | The measurement of an earthquake’s strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults. |
| intensity | the level damage at a given place |
| normal fault hanging wall slides down because it is normally going with gravity | way to remember how hanging wall slides |
Created by:
crosscountrygirl9.24
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