any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a pH below 7

smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter

any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7

substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined

chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

substance that can’t be broken down into simpler chemical substances

atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge

chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus

all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties

group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge

positively charged center of atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons

measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance

net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution

result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration

weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms

molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end

basic building blocks of protein molecules

organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions

compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties

large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen

complex biomolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code

subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

covalent bond formed between amino acids

large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together

large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism

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Vocabulary Chapter 6

Term	Definition
Acid	any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a pH below 7
Atom	smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter
Base	any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7
Compound	substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Covalent Bond	chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Element	substance that can’t be broken down into simpler chemical substances
Ion	atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge
Ionic Bond	chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge
Isotope	atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
Metabolism	all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Mixture	combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties
Molecule	group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge
Nucleus	positively charged center of atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons
pH	measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
Solution	mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance
Diffusion	net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution
Dynamic Equilibrium	result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
Hydrogen Bond	weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms
Polar Molecule	molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end
Amino Acid	basic building blocks of protein molecules
Carbohydrate	organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Enzyme	type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions
Isomer	compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties
Lipid	large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen
Nucleic Acid	complex biomolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code
Nucleotide	subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
Peptide Bond	covalent bond formed between amino acids
Polymer	large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together
Protein	large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism

Created by: SavannahLackey

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