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Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of heredity (passing of traits from parents to offspring). | Genetics |
| Physical features that are inherited (Ex. hair color) | Characteristics |
| Different forms of a characteristic (Ex. Blonde, red, brown, or black hair) | Traits |
| Different versions of genes that determine a trait. | Alleles |
| An individual with two of the same alleles (Ex. BB or bb) | Homozygous or purebred |
| An individual with two different alleles (Ex. Bb) | Heterozygous or hybrid |
| An organism's genetic makeup (TT, Tt, or tt). | Genotype |
| An organism's physical traits, what it looks like (yellow body, blue skin, etc.) | Phenotype |
| Scientist who used math to explain breeding patterns in pea plants - "Father of Genetics" | Gregor Mendel |
| Segment of DNA that codes for a characteristic in an organism. | Gene |
| The allele that will always be expressed if it is present. | Dominant |
| The allele that will only be expressed if the dominant allele is NOT present. | Recessive |
| HETEROZYGOUS or HOMOZYGOUS? RR | HOMOZYGOUS (dominant) |
| HETEROZYGOUS or HOMOZYGOUS? Rr | HETEROZYGOUS |
| HETEROZYGOUS or HOMOZYGOUS? rr | HOMOZYGOUS (recessive) |
| A Punnett Square that compares just 1 trait. | Monohybrid cross |
| A Punnett Square that looks at 2 traits at once. | Dihybrid cross |
| A type of inheritance in which neither allele is dominant over another, resulting in a 3rd phenotype. | Incomplete Dominance |
| A type of inheritance in which more than 2 alleles are present. | Multiple Alleles |
| A type of inheritance in which 2 dominant alleles are BOTH expressed. | Codominance |
| A type of inheritance in which more than one gene codes for a particular trait. | Polygenic Inheritance |
| A type of inheritance in which the genes for a trait are located on the sex chromosomes. | Sex-Linked Inheritance |
| One of Mendel's Laws that states that the allele a parent passes on to the offspring is chosen at random. | Law of Segregation |
| One of Mendel's Laws that states that traits are passed on independently of each other. | Law of Independent Assortment |
| A chart used to diagnose chromosome abnormalities. | Karyotype |
| Male sex chromosomes | XY |
| Female sex chromosomes | XX |
| Sex chromosomes of Turner Syndrome | X or XO |
| Sex chromosomes of Klinefelter Syndrome | XXY |
| Sex chromosomes of Jacobs Syndrome | XYY |
| Another name Down Syndrome | Trisomy 21 |
| The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis. | nondisjunction |
Created by:
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