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Mitosis key terms
Mitosis terms biology101
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anaphase | The fourth stage of mitosis during which sister chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell by kinetochore microtubules. |
| Contractile ring | A ring of protein filaments that encircles the region of the metaphase plate in a dividing cell. Responsible for pinching the cell until it separates into two independent cells. |
| Cytokinesis | The final part of M Phase, during which a cell with duplicated contents splits into two independent cells. |
| Kinetochores | Sites on replicated, bound sister chromatids to which microtubules bind, thereby becoming kinetochore microtubules. |
| M phase | The name given to the five separate steps of mitosis and the final cleavage of the cell in cytokinesis. |
| Metaphase | The third stage of mitosis during which kinetochore microtubules* align sister chromatids along the metaphase plate at the center of the cell. |
| Metaphase plate | An imaginary line found half way between the two mitotic spindle poles on which chromosomes align during metaphase. |
| Microtubule | In cytoskeleton/ cylindrical-approx25 nanometers in diam/ organelles can travel within the cell on tracks/ Kinetocore(bind to sister chromatids during mitosis)& Non-kinetocore(polar/ astral) |
| Mitosis | The five-step process by which a cell separates replicated chromosomes before cytokinesis creates two identical daughter cells from one original cell. The five steps of mitosis are: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| Mitotic spindle | A complex of microtubules that form between opposite poles of a cell during mitosis. Serve to separate and move sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell for division. |
| Prometaphase | The second stage of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope disassembles and microtubules gain access to chromosome kinetochores. |
| Prophase | The first stage of mitosis, during which visibly dark, condensed chromosomes are found in the nuclear envelope. |
| Telophase | The fifth and final stage of mitosis before cytokinesis; in telophase, the nuclear envelope re-forms around separated sister chromatids and kinetochore microtubules disappear. Cell elongation and decondensation of chromosomes also occur. |