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Honors Week 1
Organic/Enzyme
Question | Answer |
---|---|
amino acids | the building blocks of proteins. They band together in chains to form the stuff from which life is born. |
Biomolecule | form the bodies of all living beings and are the causes and products of the chemical processes that keep them alive |
Carbohydrates | are sugars and starches, which provide energy for humans and animals, and cellulose, which make up essential structural component of living cells |
Cellulose | An insoluble polysaccharide that is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. |
deoxyribonucleic acid | the hereditary material in organisms |
fatty acids | A major component of fats that is used by the body for energy and tissue development. |
Glucose | A six-carbon sugar (C6H12O6); the most common monosaccharide in animals |
Glycogen | polymer of glucose used for energy storage in animals |
Lipids | One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water |
Monosaccharide | The simplest carbohydrate, serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. |
nucleic acid | A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins |
Proteins | polymer made from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids |
Starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose |
activation energy | the energy required to initiate a reaction. |
active site | A region on an enzyme that binds to a substance during a reaction. |
enzyme | A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body; serves as a catalyst |
Catalyst | A substance (not always a protein), that modifies and increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process |
Hemoglobin | component of red blood cells that binds with and carries oxygen through the body |
Optimum | the point at which the condition, degree, or amount of something is the most favorable |
pH and temperature | factors that can affect the enzymatic reaction and must be optimized |
Substrate | The substance that an enzyme works upon |