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chaper 12
Heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sex chromosomes | deterines the sex or gender of the organism |
| autosome | not directly involved in determining sex of organism |
| translocation | mutation where DNA breaks away and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome |
| Deletion | One or more nucleotides in gene are lost |
| Inversion | Chromosome segment breaks off and flips around backwards |
| Point mutation | Change that occurs within a single gene or other segment of DNA |
| Substitution | One nucleotide replaces another |
| Mutation | Change in a gene due to damage/ incorrect copying can be helpful or harmful |
| Nondisjunction | When separation of chromosomes does not occur one gamete receives too many and the other none |
| Trisomy | 3 chromosomes, happens due to nondisjunction |
| Karyotyping | Displays an individuals chromosomes |
| Amniocentesis | Physician removes amniotic fluid geneticist analyze fetal cells for genetic disorders |
| Chorionic villi sampling | Sample from zygote between mother's uterus and placenta to analyze fetal cells |
| Frame shift mutation | When 1or more nucleotides are lost causing incorrect grouping effects all amino acids after. |
| Sex influenced trait | Baldness males more effected due to hormones |
| Polygenic | Influenced by several genes |
| Carrier | Have copy of the recessive gene but. Does not have the trait |
| Complex character | Influenced by both gene and environment |
| Multiple allele | Genes with 3 or more alleles, ABO blood type is example |
| Genetic counseling | Informing a person or couple about genetic makeup |
| Gene therapy | Places a healthy copy of a gene into cells of a person whose gene is defective |
| Codominance | Both alleles are expressed in phenotype |
| Sex-linked trait | A trait that is codded for by an allele on a sex chromosome |
| Chromosome map | Show linear order of genes |
| Germ-cell mutation | Does not affect individual but can be passed on |
| Somatic cell mutation | Occurs in body cells and affects individual but are not inherited |
| Lethal mutation | When the DNA has been affected so much that the organism dies |
| How are sex linked diseases inherited | Through the x gene |
| What is hemophilia | Lack of a clotting factor causes blood not to clot, is a x-linked recessive disease |
| Crossing over | Percent of crossing over for two traits is equal to the distance between them, number of map units. |
Created by:
kathy.holtkamp
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