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Intro. to Anatomy
Anatomical terms, Homeostasis
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Anatomy | Study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts. |
Physiology | the study of how living organisms functions. |
Organ | consist of two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions |
Tissue | a group of cells and cell products working together to perform one or more specific functions. |
Cells | are the smallest living units in the body |
Atoms | The smallest stable units of matter, can combine to form molecules with complex shapes. |
Organ system | Consist of organs that interact to perform a specific range of functions. |
Integumentary System | Protects body from environmental hazards, controls body temperature |
Skeletal System | Supports, protects soft tissues, stores minerals; forms blood cells |
Muscular System | Moves and supports body; produce heat |
Nervous System | Direct immediate response to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems |
Endocrine System | Direct long-term changes in the activites of other organ systems |
Cardiovascular System | Transport Cells and dissolved mineral internally, including nutrients, wastes and gases |
Lymphatic System | DEfends against infection and disease |
Respiratory System | Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood |
Digestive System | Processes food and absorbs organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water |
Urinary System | Eliminates excess water, salts,and waste products;control of pH |
Reproductive System | Produces sex cells and hormones |
Homeostasis | the presence of a stable environment inside the body |
Receptor | sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus |
Control Center | receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor, which sends out commands |
Effector | Responds to these commands by opposing the stimulus |
Negative Feedback | Minimizes change. Stimulus triggers an automatic response that corrects the current situation |
Positive feedback | an initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances a change in the original conditions, rather than opposing it. |
Supine | face up, lying down in anatomical position |
Prone | face down, lying down in anatomical position |
Anterior | The front surface of the human body |
Posterior | The back surface of the human body |
Cranial | the head |
Superior | above; at a higher level |
caudal | the tail |
inferior | below; at lower level |
Medial | Toward the body's longitudinal axix; toward midsaggital plane |
Lateral | away from the body's longitudinal axis; away from the midsaggittal plane |
Proximal | toward an attached base |
Distal | away from an attached bas |
Superficial | At, near or relatively close to the body surface |
Deep | Farther from the body surface |
Transverse | perpendicular to long axis |
Saggital | Parallel to long axis |
Frontal | Parallel to long axis |