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Digestive System
Anatomy and Physiology of Humans-Human Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | structure |
| physiology | function |
| 4 functions of digestive system: | ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion |
| intracellular and give example | digestion that occurs within a cell ex: single-celled organisms |
| extracellular and example | digestion which occurs outside of cells ex: small intestine |
| mechanical digestion & ex | physically breaking food into smaller parts ex: stomach |
| chemical digestion & ex | chemically breaking food down proteins broken into amino acids |
| alimentary canal | pathway food passes through |
| Mouth: teeth (describe & purpose) | calcium coated with enamel physically break down ingested food (mechanical) |
| Mouth: tongue(describe & purpose) | 100% muscle mixes food with saliva and moves food for swallowing |
| Pharynx | aka throat, connects mouth to esophagus |
| esophagus | muscular tube connecting mouth and stomach |
| peristalsis | wave-like muscle contraction in the esophagus that moves food from mouth to stomach |
| stomach | muscular sac with ridges on interior releases: mucus, acid-denatures protein for pepsin, pepsin-protease enzyme to digest proteins into amino acids |
| chyme | a think mixture of food in the stomach produced by chemical and mechanical actions of the stomach |
| small intestine | long, coiled tube; most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here |
| villus (plural villi) | increases surface area for absorption of nutrients |
| large intestine | absorbs vitamins and water |
| rectum | sac-like lower end of large intestine for storage of feces |
| anus | a sphincter that opens to allow egestion/defecation |
| accessory organs | food does NOT flow through these organs, but they are important for digestion |
| salivary glands, located & produce | located under tongue and near throat produce and secrete saliva into mouth and throat to digest starches to sugars and lube foods |
| liver, produces | produces bile |
| bile | a chemical (not an enzyme) it breaks down fats into smaller fat gobules and increases surface area of fat |
| gall bladder, stores | stores bile until right after eating |
| pancreas produces? | MOST of the digestive enzymes |
Created by:
epd
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