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Marketing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Advertising | A form of non personal promotion in which companies pay to promote ideas,goods,or services in a variety of media outlets. |
| Agents | Intermediaries who bring buyers and sellers together and do not own the goods they sell. |
| Boomerang method | A selling method that converts a customers objection into a selling point. |
| Brand | A name,term,design,symbol,or combination of these elements that identifies a business,product,or service and distinguishes it from its competitors. |
| Channel of distribution | The path a product takes from its producer or manufacturer to the final user. |
| Channels | The avenues through which messages are delivered. |
| Closing the sale | The process of obtaining a positive agreement from the customer to buy. |
| Competition | The struggle between companies to attract new customers ,keep existing ones,and take away customers from other companies. |
| Coupons | Certificates the entitle customers to discounts on goods and services. |
| Demand | Consumer willingness and ability to buy products. |
| Demographics | Statistics that describe a population in terms of personal Characteristics. |
| Direct distribution | Sales of goods or services directly to the customer,with no intermediaries. |
| Direct Close | A closing method in which a sales person asks for the sale. |
| Distribution center | A warehouse designed to speed delivery of goods and to minimize storage costs. |
| Geographic | Segmentation of the market based on where people live. |
| Goods | tangible items of monetary value that satisfy needs and wants. |
| Greeting approach | A way to approach a customer that focuses on welcoming the customer. |
| Indirect distribution | sales of goods or services to the customer through one or more intermediaries. |
| Automated pricing | Allows the programmer to set the qualifications and then the system awards the targeted price when the conditions have been met. |
| Bait and Switch Advertising | First the customers are baited by advertising for a product or service at a low price; then the customers discover that the advertised good is not available. |
| Break even point | the point at which sales revenue equals the cost and expenses of making a distributing a product. |
| cash discounts | offered to customers to encourage them to pay their bills quickly. |
| Cost of goods sold | the total amount spent to produce or buy the goods sold. |
| Cost oriented pricing | business first determine the cost of producing or marketing the product and then add their desired profit. |
| cost plus pricing | all costs and expenses are added to the desired profit to determine the selling price. |
| Cost to produce | materials, labor, research and development, distribution, packaging, and overhead. |
| Deceptive pricing | the pricing of goods and services in such a way as to cause a customer to be mislead. |
| Demand oriented pricing | based on what current consumers are willing to pay for the goods/services. |
| Discount pricing | reduction from list price. |
| Dumping | the practice of is any kind of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade. |
| expenses | money which must be paid out in order to operate the business |
| deceptive advertising | the use of false or misleading statements in advertising. |
| Fixed expenses | costs that remain the same from one month to the next. |
| fixed pricing | same pricing to all customers no matter how many are purchased. |
| flexible price policy | customers are allowed to bargain for merchandise. |
| geographic pricing | different prices for customers in different parts of the world. |
| gross profit | the difference between the selling price and the cost of goods sold. |
| loss leaders | pricing products near or below cost to attract customers. |
| Markdown | actual reductions in the selling price. |
| markup pricing | adding an amount to the cost of goods to reach a selling price. |
| monopolistic competition | a large number of suppliers offer similar, but not identical products. |
| monopoly | one seller who dominates many buyers. |
| net profit | the difference between the selling price and all costs |
| Non price competition | using factors other than a price to attract customers. |
| odd even pricing | idea that prices ending in odd digit convey a bargain image. |
| one price policy | consumers generally do not negotiate pricing. |
| operating expenses | the costs of running the business. |
| optional product pricing | used for incremental sales. |
| Penetration pricing | initial price for product is set very low. |
| perfect competition | many buyers and many sellers all dealing in an identical product. |