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marketing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| distribution center | a short-term storage center located close to a major market to facilitate the rapid processing of orders and shipment of goods to customers; unlike warehouse, the emphasis is on the moving of goods rather than on long-term storage. |
| ultimate consumer | anyone who personally uses a good or service to satisfy his/her own wants. |
| distribution | a marketing/business function that is responsible for moving, storing, locating, and/or transferring ownership of goods and services. |
| channel | a path through which goods and services flow in one direction, and the payments generated by them that flow in the opposite direction. means employed to distribute goods or services from producers to consumers. |
| non-store retailing | a business that buys consumer goods or services and sells them to the ultimate consumer by means other than through a store,. |
| channel length | the total number of channel members in a channel of distribution. |
| indirect distribution | a channel of distribution in which goods and services move from the producer to the channel members and then to consumers or industrial users. |
| integrated distribution | manufacturer acts as wholesaler and retailer for its own products. |
| channel members | business or individuals who assist in moving goods and services from the producer to the consumer. |
| channels of distribution | paths, or routes, that goods or services take from the producer to the ultimate consumer or industrial user. |
| selective distribution | a distribution pattern is which a producer sells a limited number of middlemen in a geographic area. |
| consumer goods | items produced for personal use. |
| direct distribution | a channel of distribution in which goods and services move directly from the producer to the consumer or industrial user. |
| wholesalers | intermediaries who help to move goods between producers and retailers by buying goods from producers and selling them to retailers. |
| dual distribution | distributing a product through two different channels |
| exclusive distribution | products purchased by producers for resale, to make other goods and services, and/or to use in business operations. |
| agent | intermediaries who assist in the sale and/or promotion of goods and services but do not take title to them |
| industrial | products purchased by producers for resale, to make other goods and services, and/or to use in business operations. |
| intensive distribution | a distribution pattern in which a producer sells a product through every available wholesaler and retailer in a geographic area where consumers might look for it. |
| channel intensity | refers to the number of intermediaries present in the distribution or market channel. |
| intermediaries | channel members operating between the producer and the consumer or industrial user to help in the movement of goods and services. |
| logistics | refers to managing the flow of goods and services from production to consumption. |
| middlemen | channel members operating between the producer and the consumer or industrial user to help in the movement of goods and services . |
| channel management | processes by which marketers ensure that products are distributed to customers efficiently and effectively. a marketing function that involves identifying, selecting, monitoring, and evaluating sales channels. |
| retailers | a business that buys consumer goods or services and sells them to the ultimate consumer. |
| discount pricing | reduction from list price. |
| break even point | the point at which sales revenue equals the cost and expenses of making a distributing a product; there is no profit here. |
| cash discounts | offered to customers to encourage them to pay their bills quickly. |
| competition | rivalry between two or more businesses for scarce consumer dollars. |
| cost of goods sold | the total amount spent to produce or buy the goods sold. |
| cost plus pricing | all costs and expenses are added to the desired profit to determine the selling price |
| cost to produce | materials, labor, research and development, distribution/shipping, packaging, overhead, etc. |
| demand oriented pricing | based on what current consumers are willing to pay for good/service. |
| demand pricing | reduction from list price. |
| expenses | money which must be paid out in order to operate the business. |
| fixed pricing | same pricing to all customers no matter how many quantity purchased. |
| geographic pricing | different prices for customers in different of the world. |
| gross profit | the difference between the selling price and the cost of goods sold. |
| markdown | actual reductions in selling price. |
| non-price competition | using factors other than price to attract customers. |
| one price policy | consumers generally do not negotiate pricing; all customers are charged the same price for a product. |
| operating expenses | the costs of running the business. |
| optional product pricing | used for incremental sales. |
| predatory pricing | practice of selling a product or service at a very low price, intending to drive competitors out of the market. |
| price competition | using price as a means to attract customers. |
| price discrimination/differentiation | exists when sales of identical goods or services are transacted at different prices from the same provider. |
| pricing objectives | goals a company hopes to achieve through its pricing decisions. |
| pricing variations | off-peak pricing, early booking discounts. |
| profit | the money a business earns after all costs and expenses have been paid. |
| quantity discounts | received by buyers for placing large orders. |
Created by:
madiy
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