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SLSDigestivesystem
SLS Bio 12 Digestive (AI)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | absorbing or assimilating substances into cells |
| Anaerobic Bacteria | bacteria that do not require oxygen |
| Anus | end of digestive system |
| Appendix | on end of large intestine, narrow pouch of tissue |
| Bile | secreted in liver, stored in gall bladder, discharged in duodenum to aid digestion |
| Capillary | smallest of body's blood vessels |
| Cardiac Sphincter | valve between esphogus and stomach |
| Chemical Digestion | chemical breakdown of food |
| Digestive enzyme | enzyme that breaks down food into smaller molecules suitable for absorbtion |
| Digestive Tract | digestive structures from mouth to the anus |
| Duodenum | first part of small intestine |
| Emulsification | breakdown of fat globules into smaller droplets |
| Epiglottis | flap of skin covering entrance to larynx |
| Esophagus | muscular tube through which food passes to stomach |
| Gall Bladder | stores bile which is produced in the liver |
| Gastric Juices | digestive fluid formed in stomach |
| Hydrochloric acid | pH of 1-2 |
| Insulin | peptide hormone produced by pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels |
| Intestinal juice | secretions from glands lining intestinal walls |
| Lacteals | absorb emulsified fats and glycerol |
| Large Intestine | last part of digestive system, absorbs water |
| lipase | enzyme released by pancreas into small intestine |
| liver | detoxification, protein synthesis, production of necessary biochemicals |
| maltase | enzyme that breaks down maltose |
| microvillus | increase surface area of cells |
| nuclease | cleaves nucleic acids |
| pancreas | secretes pancreatic juice in order to aid digestion |
| pancreatic amylase | enzymes presence to catalyze starch to sugar hydrolysis |
| pancreatic juice | liquid secreted by pancreas |
| pepsin | enzyme released by stomach to make protein into peptides |
| pepsinogen | inactive precursor to pepsin |
| peptidase | peptides into amino acids |
| peristalsis | muscular contractions which help move food |
| pH | level of acidity/basic |
| pharynx | part of the throat posterior to nasal cavity |
| physical digestion | physically breaking food apart so it is easier to digest |
| protease | enzyme that performs proteolysis |
| pyloric sphincter | region of stomach that connects to duodenum |
| rectum | final straight portion of large intestine |
| salivary amylase | enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch |
| salivary gland | glands that produce saliva |
| salivary juice/saliva | secreted by salivary glands and contains enzymes |
| small intestine | part of gastrointestinal tract following stomach |
| sodium bicatbonate | neutralizes chyme |
| stomach | important organ in digestive system |
| swallowing | process that makes something move from mouth to esophagus |
| trypsin | pancreatic enzyme - proteins |
| villus | outgrowth of epitheal lining of intestinal wall |
Created by:
annabelirwin
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