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1a. Genetics
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1b. Genetic factors
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ECBModule7
SG Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1a. Genetics | The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring |
| 1b. Genetic factors | The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA |
| 1c. Environmental factors | Those "non-biological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends or behavioral choices |
| 1d. Spiritual factors | The quality of a person's relationship with God |
| 1e. Gene | A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait |
| 1f. Chromosome | A strand of DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell |
| 1g. Mitosis | The duplication of a cell's chromosomes to allow daughter cells to receive the exact genetic makeup of the parent cell |
| 1h. Interphase | The time internal between cellular reproduction |
| 1i. Centromere | Constricted region of a chromosome and the point at which duplicate DNA strands attach themselves |
| 1j. Mother cell | A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicate DNA and centriole |
| 1k. Karyotype | The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to size |
| 1l. Diploid cell | A cell whose chromosomes come in homologous pairs |
| 1m. Haploid cells | cells that have only one of each chromosome |
| 1n. Diploid chromosome number (2n) | The total number of chromosomes in diploid cell |
| 1o. Haploid chromosome number (n) | The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell |
| 1p. Meiosis | The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms four gametes (n) |
| 1q. Gametes | Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of reproduction |
| 1r. Virus | A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: 1) It has genetic material inside a protective protein coat. 2) It cannot reproduce itself. |
| 1s. Antibodies | Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents |
| 1t. Vaccine | A weakened or inactive version of a virus that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can destroy the virus |
| 2. suppose scientists determine that a set of genes are significantly more prevalent in murderers than in the population at large. Would that mean that murderers are not at fault for what they do? Why or Why not? | This would not mean that murderers have no fault for what they do. Most genes only establish genetic trends. Environmental and spiritual factors affect the extent to which you follow those trends. |
| 3. Why do proteins have to coat the DNA in chromosomes? | Without the proteins in a chromosome, the chromosome would unravel. |
| 4. List (in order) the four stages of mitosis. | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| 6. The diploid number of a cell is 16. What is its haploid number? | Diploid number is the total number of chromosomes in the cell. Haploid number is the number of homologous pairs. If there are a total of 16 chromosomes, then there must be 8 pairs. The haploid number is 8. |
| 7. The haploid number of a cell is 9. what is its diploid number? | Since haploid number is the number of pairs and diploid is the total number, then the diploid number is 18. |
| 8. What is the difference between a gamete and a normal cell? | A gamete is haploid while a normal cell is diploid. This means that a gamete has only one chromosome from each homologous pair. A normal cell always has both members of each homologous pair. |
| 9. List in order all the stages of meiosis. | prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II. |
| 10. Which is closer to mitosis: meiosis I or meiosis II? | Meiosis II: It is essentially mitosis acting on two haploid cells. |
| 11. A single cell with 7 pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. How many cells result at the end of meiosisI? How many (total) chromosomes exist in each cell? Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not? | In meiosis I, a single diploid cell splits into two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes. Thus, there are 2 cell. Since they are haploid, they have one chromosome form each pair. Since there are 7 pairs, each cell has 7 chromosomes. Not duplicated. |
| 12. Two cells that originally (prior to meiosis I) had 7 pairs of homologous chromosomes go through meiosis II. How many cells result? How many (total) chromosomes exist in each cell? Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not? | In meiosis II, the two haploid cells have the duplicate chromosomes and their originals separated, producing a total of 4 haploid cells with no duplicated chromosomes. thus, there are 4 cells, there are still 7 chromosomes in each, not duplicated. |
| 13. What are gametes produced in animal males called? What are gametes produced in animal females called? | Male gametes are called sperm. Female gametes are called eggs. |
| 14. How many useful gametes are produced in meiosis of animal males? What about animal females? | Animal males produce 4 useful gametes with each meiosis, while animal females produce only 1. |
| 15. What is the difference between a polar body and an egg? | A polar body is a non-functional female gamete, because it is far too small to function properly. an egg is the one female gamete produced by meiosis that is large enough to function properly. |
| 16. which gamete can move on its own: the male gamete or the female gamete? | Sperm have flagella; thus, the male gamete can move on its own. |
| 17.What is the purpose of the lytic pathway? | The lytic pathway is the way in which viruses reproduce, killing the cells of its host. |
| 18. If a virus uses DNA as its genetic material, is it alive? Why or Why not? | No virus is alive, because a virus cannot reproduce on its own. A virus also has no means of taking in nutrients and converting them into energy. |
| 19. A person decides to wait until he contracts measles before getting the vaccine. What is wrong with that strategy? | A vaccine is only good if you take it before getting infected, because it is meant to build up the antibodies that you need to fight the virus off before it overwhelms your body. |
| 20. What is it that makes the virus in a vaccine harmless? | The virus in a vaccine cannot enter the lytic pathway. This makes it unable to reproduce and kill cells in the process. |
Created by:
biowolf2013
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