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Nutrition/Digestion
Nutrition and Digestion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nutrient | substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair |
| protein | large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur and is made up of amino acids; used by the body for growth and for replacement and repair of body cells |
| amino acid | building block of protein |
| carbohydrate | nutrient that usually is the body's main source of energy; made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| fat | nutrient that stores energy, cushions organs, and helps the body absorb vitamins |
| vitamin | water-soluble or fat-soluble organic nutrient needed in small quantities for growth, for preventing some diseases, and for regulating body function |
| mineral | inorganic nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body |
| food group | group of foods--such as bread, cereal, rice, and pasta--containing the same type of nutrients |
| digestion | the process that breaks down food into small molecules so they can be absorbed and moved into the blood to be transported throughout the body |
| mechanical digestion | takes place when food is chewed, mixed, and churned |
| chemical digestion | when chemical reactions occur that break down large molecules of food into smaller ones |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in your body |
| peristalsis | waves of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract |
| chyme | thin, watery liquid that moves from the stomach to the small intestine |
| villi | finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption |
| mouth | where food enters the body; mechanical and chemical digestion both take place here |
| esophagus | tube that connects the mouth with the stomach; peristalsis moves food through it |
| stomach | muscular organ where acid is added to food; chemical and mechanical digestion both take place here |
| small intestine | skinny, but long, tube-like organ 4-7 m in length; where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream |
| large intestine | wider and shorter than small intestine; where water is absorbed out of chyme and undigested material becomes more solid |
| rectum | end of large intestine where solid waste is stored before being released from the body |
| anus | end of the digestive tract; where waste products leave the body |
Created by:
MsHollinger
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