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Biology 101
Chapter One- Biology: Exploring Life
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Biosphere | The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems. |
Ecosystem | All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment. |
Community | An assemblage of all the organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area. |
Organism | An individual living thing, such as a bacterium, fungus, protist, plant, or animal. |
Population | A group of individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area. |
Organ System | A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. |
Organ | A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions. |
Tissues | An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both. |
Cell | A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life. |
Organelle | A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell. |
Molecule | A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
Emergent Properties | New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. |
Producers | An organism that makes organic food molecules from CO2, H2O, and other inorganic raw materials: a plant, alga, or autotrophic prokaryote. |
Consumers | An organism that obtains its food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants. |
Prokaryotic Cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other mebrane-enclosed prganelles; found only in the domains bacteria and archaea |
Eukaryotic Cell | A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nulceus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells. |
Systems Biology | an approach to studying biology that aims to modle the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems. |
Gene | a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of specific nucleotide sequence in DNA. Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
Species | a group whose members possess similar anatomical characteristics and have the ability to interbreed and produce viable fertile offspring. |
Domains | a taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains of life are archaea, bacteria, and eykarya. |
Bacteria | one of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being archaea |
Archaea | one of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being bacteria |
Eukarya | the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms |
Evolution | descent with modification. The idea that livng species are descndents of ancestral species that were different from present day ones; also the genetic changes in a population over generations. |
Natural Selection | a process in which organisms with certain injerited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics |
Hypothesis | a tentative explanation a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed |
Theory | a widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence |
Controlled Experiment | a component of the process of science whereby a scientist carries out two parallel tests, an experimental test and a control test. The experimental test differs from the control by one factor, the cariable. |
Technology | the practical application of scientific knowledge. |