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Biology 101

Chapter One- Biology: Exploring Life

QuestionAnswer
Biosphere The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems.
Ecosystem All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment.
Community An assemblage of all the organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.
Organism An individual living thing, such as a bacterium, fungus, protist, plant, or animal.
Population A group of individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area.
Organ System A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Organ A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions.
Tissues An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.
Cell A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life.
Organelle A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell.
Molecule A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Emergent Properties New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
Producers An organism that makes organic food molecules from CO2, H2O, and other inorganic raw materials: a plant, alga, or autotrophic prokaryote.
Consumers An organism that obtains its food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants.
Prokaryotic Cell A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other mebrane-enclosed prganelles; found only in the domains bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic Cell A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nulceus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells.
Systems Biology an approach to studying biology that aims to modle the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems.
Gene a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of specific nucleotide sequence in DNA. Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Species a group whose members possess similar anatomical characteristics and have the ability to interbreed and produce viable fertile offspring.
Domains a taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains of life are archaea, bacteria, and eykarya.
Bacteria one of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being archaea
Archaea one of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being bacteria
Eukarya the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms
Evolution descent with modification. The idea that livng species are descndents of ancestral species that were different from present day ones; also the genetic changes in a population over generations.
Natural Selection a process in which organisms with certain injerited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics
Hypothesis a tentative explanation a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed
Theory a widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence
Controlled Experiment a component of the process of science whereby a scientist carries out two parallel tests, an experimental test and a control test. The experimental test differs from the control by one factor, the cariable.
Technology the practical application of scientific knowledge.
Created by: swimifishi
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