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Final Review Answers
Some questions created for the Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| “Strict scrutiny” is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve | racial classifications. |
| A woman’s constitutional right to an abortion was established in | Roe v. Wade (1973). |
| About what did Justice Potter Stewart confess, “I know it when I see it”? | pornography |
| During the late 1940s and 1950s, ______ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. | Thurgood Marshall |
| Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have been extremely important in the development of | a constitutional right to privacy |
| If a person were imprisoned in the United States without an open trial before a judge, this action would | violate the right of habeas corpus. |
| In 1890, ______ became the first state to allow women to vote. | Wyoming |
| In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that | quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used. |
| In West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, the Supreme Court announced that | children cannot be required to salute the flag if it violates their religious faith. |
| Miranda v. Arizona was important because it produced rules that must be used | by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect. |
| Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education, ______ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children. | 1 |
| The 1947 federal court case Mendez v. Westminster was significant because | its decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education. |
| The Eighth Amendment prohibits | cruel and unusual punishment. |
| The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees | the right to vote for African American men. |
| The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it | marked the starting point of the modern women’s movement |
| The Supreme Court case Near v. Minnesota established the principle that | only under the most extraordinary circumstances should the government prevent the publication of newspapers and magazines. |
| The Supreme Court case concerning smoking peyote during Native Americans’ religious rituals demonstrates that the Court’s key problem in ruling on religious freedom is to determine | the difference between religious beliefs and conduct that is based on religious beliefs. |
| The Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson | established the separate but equal rule. |
| The Terri Schiavo case was an example of | the controversy surrounding the so-called right to die. |
| The ______ of the First Amendment protects an individual’s right to believe and practice whatever religion she or he chooses. | free exercise clause |
| The ______ rule forbids the introduction in trial of any piece of evidence obtained illegally. | exclusionary |
| The case of Gideon v. Wainwright established the right | to counsel in felony cases. |
| The process by which the Supreme Court has expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called | selective incorporation |
| The requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their right to remain silent is known as the ______ rule | Miranda |
| The right against ______ prevents persons from being tried twice for the same crime. | double jeopardy |
| What did the Supreme Court rule in Bowers v. Hardwick? | There was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity. |
| What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish? | It abolished slavery. |
| What forbade workplace discrimination based on race? | the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| What happened to California’s Proposition 187? | A federal court declared most of it a violation of the U.S. Constitution. |
| What is the name for school segregation that results from racially divided neighborhoods rather than state laws? | de facto |
| What was the Supreme Court case that declared the exclusionary rule? | Mapp v. Ohio |
| What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer? | Racially restrictive covenants on housing could not be enforced by courts |
| When the government blocks the publication of material it does not want released, this is known as | prior restraint. |
| Which of the following cases helped lead to the Civil War by deciding that slaves had no due process rights even in free states and territories? | Dred Scott v. Sandford |
| Who inaugurated government affirmative action programs? | Lyndon Johnson |
| According to the article on "How to honor science and religion" ___ | science explains "how" and religion explains "why" |
| President ___ ended segregation in the armed force and President___ ended the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy established under the Presidency of ___. | Harry Truman; Barack Obama; Bill Clinton |
| The Supreme Court held that "fighting words" do NOT convey ideas and thus are NOT subject to first Amendment protections in the ____case | Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire |
| The "clear and present danger" test was formulated in | Schenck v. United States |
| A method that Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated using for the elimination of discrimination was | nonviolent direct action |
| In 1965, ___led a strike of the United Farm Workers Union against growers in California resulting in better pay, working conditions and housing for farm workers. | Cesar Chavez |
| In 1968, ___co-founded the ___ and established it to protect the traditional ways of Indian people and to engage in legal cases protecting treaty rights of natives. | Dennis Banks; American Indian Movement |
| In the 2007 case of ______ the Supreme Court ruled that high school sltudent's speech can be restricted after a student was suspended for unflurling a banner reading "Bong hits 4 Jesus" as the Olympic Torch passed in Juneau, Alaska | Morse v. Fredrick |
| ___ is an oral statement made in "reckless disregard for the truth" and ___ is a written statement made in "reckless disregard of the truth, both of which are considered damaging to a victim because it is "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory" | Slander; libel |
| ___literally "by law"; refers to legally enforced practices such as segregation and ____ literally, "by fact"; refers to practices that occurred even when here is no legal enforcement such as school segregation. | de jure; de facto |
Created by:
Govt230
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