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Urinary 3

Urinary 3: Resorption & Secretion

Osmolarity osmotic pressure a fluid exerts. Less water in a fluid means that the osmolarity is high(more concentrated) - (it will attract water). if water leaves, osmolarity increases. mOsm/L
Proximal Convoluted Tubule Resobtion 60-70% of the volume 1: Resorb organic nutrients- 99% glucose 2: Active resorption of ions - Na/K 3: Resorb water - osmosis 4: Passive resorption of ions - urea & chloride . higher conc in tubule 5: Secretion
Sodium ions play a role Linked to glucose, amino acids, other organic solutes via cotransport Linked to hydrogen via countertransport Linked to potassium via sodium-potassium pump
Loop of Henle Resob 1/2 of the remaining water.2/3 of the remaining sodium & chloride.
Countercurrent exchange Exchange of materials between fluids moving in opposite directions. ie. Flow down the descending loop vs. flow up the ascending loop
In The Loop: Essay 1. Na & cl out of thick acnd loop 2. entrance of ion inc osmolarity in interstitium in thin dec limb 3. water thus flow out of thin limb 4. this loss of H2O increases the solute conc in the thin limb 5. higly conc solu arrives at thick acd limb
In The Loop: Essay Posotive feedback loop because Na pumped out in thick acd loop increase solute conc in interstitium around thin limb. This gradient cause h2o to leave decnd thin limb which causes higher solute in acdening limb. promotes itself.
“Loop Diuretics” Ex. Lasix Inhibit sodium & chloride pumping out of thick ascending loop.If no sodium & chloride exit, water does not follow. Water stays in the tubule & urine volume increases (ie. diuresis). HCT block DCT
Osmolarity level at loop highly concentrated, 120 mOsm/L determined by NA & urea
osmolarity at DCT more dilute due to active transport pumps pumping out solute...100 mOsm/L
Who is impermeable to urea? thick ascending loo, DCT & collecting ducts urea in tubule rises
Where does urea exit? at papillary duct, urea at high of 450 mOsm/L Ducts are permeable to urea, exists into deepest part of medullary interstitium
Advantage of Countercurrent multiplication Medullary concentration gradient is established - causes passive resorption of H2O - although influced by ADH
At start of loop osmolarity level 300 mOsm/L due to low concentration of Na & cl & urea
DCT makes final adjs to volume & composition by...? 1. Resorbtion - actively trans Na & cl, controlled by aldosternoe (from adrenal gland 2. Secretion - mainly affects k+ & H+ Ammonium ions also secreted
Aldosterone stimulates the production of... sodium channels. ANP opposes aldostoronbe. Hydrogen ion secreation
Hypokalemia low serum K+
Carbonic acid dissociates into... Hydrogen ion & bicarbonate ion Bicarbonate is resorbed back into blood - raising blood pH Hydrogen is secreated into tubularfluid in exchange for Na- acidifies the urine
Collecting duct mechanism resorb & secret - recieve from many DCT - course through medulla to papillary duct
ADH antidirutic hormone made by hypothalamus controls water permeability causes water channels - aquaporins to control urine volume diuresis - to make urine; anti-diuresis - don’t make it)
collecting system secretion - pH control if pH drops, Hydrogen is secreted & bicarbonates are resorbed.
Without ADH (Diabetes Insipidus) a pathology involving lack of ADH production - high urrine volume and very dilute
Facultative How much of this water is lost (or not) depends on how much is resorbed from rest of the DCT & collecting ducts.This resorption can be controlled ** Normally, these segments are impermeable to water, except in the presence of ADH.
With ADH With ADH - form concentrated urine & low volume Inhibition of ADH: Alcohol Glucocorticoids
Serum Chemistries Provides chemical analysis of blood serum Information on organ function such as kidney, liver, pancreas.
Created by: Yourdanos
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