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bio terms
terms and definitions for 4.3-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes |
| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| nuclear envelope | the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
| nucleolus | the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized |
| ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
| mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
| lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division |
| microtubule | one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement |
| microfilament | a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement |
| cilium | a hair-like structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells |
| flagellum | a long, hair-like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
| centriole | an organelle that is active during mitosis |
| cell wall | a group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| central vacuole | a large cavity or sac that is found in plant cells or protozoans and that contains air or partially digested food |
| plastid | an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell |
| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
Created by:
Nunng17
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