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Ecosystem Ecology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Ecosystem Ecology | Study of interactions between communities and physical environment |
What 3 points will we be focusing in this section? | Nutrient Value / Succession / Energy Flow |
Two important principles | Energy flow is one way / Nutrients are cycled |
Nutrient Flow | All elements and compounds cycle through biological and physical environment |
Define Biological | Living organisms |
Define Physical | Anything that comes intact to an organism (air, soil, wind, temp) |
Atoms can be reused | True |
Important Biologically elements | Water, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Carbon |
Biogeochemical Cycle | The path an element takes as it moves from nonliving parts of the environment through living organisms and back again is referred to as its biogeochemical cycle |
Three Principles about BGC cycle | --- |
1st Principle | Not all forms of a chemical are equally available to organisms (Ex. C-C change) |
2nd Prinicple | Changes in chemical form involve energy--either release or requirement of energy |
3rd Prinicple | Human activities are disrupting almost all Biogeochemical cycle |
Carbon cycle | Look at Notes |
A decomposer example for the Carbon cycle | Boreal forest |
Carbon in CO2 is only available to who? | Photosynthesizers |
What does energy link and release in? | Links Carbon molecules and releases in cellular respiration |
Release of CO2 is leading to... | Global Warming |
Phosphorous cycle | Look at notes |
We need Phosphorous for... | Metabolism, DNA, bones & teeth |
Phosphates | PO4 3- and other forms |
2 parts in Phosphorous cycle | Living organism, rock & soil geologiclly |
Where does Phosphorous export come from? | Forest, Agriculture, and Urban |
Why does animals need phosphates? | For their diets |
How do we increase phosphates? | Sewage, fertilizer, animal feedlot runoffs |
Phosphorous is the 2nd most abundant chemical in what? | Fertilizer |
What are the consequences of phosphates in rivers and streams? | Heavy grow of algae / Death / Decomposition / Change in species composition |
Nitrogen cycle | Look at notes |
What is not equally available to organisms? | All forms of chemicals |
What is Nitrogen most abundant for? | Our atmosphere |
Most organisms can't use Nitrogen. But they can use... | Nitrogen fixing bacteria |
What do plants absorb? | Nitrates and Ammonium |
What else does animals need in their diet besides phosphates? | Amino acids |
The most abundant chemical in fertilizer. | Nitrates |
What is disrupting almost all biogeochemical cycles? | Human activities |
How does Nitrates destroy streams? | Causes algal to bloom, followed by death, Oxygen depletion, kills fish and shellfish (also causes human health) |
How is releasing Nitrates from fossil fuels cause a problem? | Contributes to acid decomposition, global warming, and smog formation |
The higher the population... | The higher the nitrates |
What are Nitrates sources? | Fertilizer, Fossil fuels, Sewage, Feedlots |
Acid deposition arises from the formation of what? | Sulfric acid and nitric acid after burning (snow, rain, dry) |
Basic liquids are more damaging than... | Acidic liquids |
Basic ranges from | -7 (neutral/water) to -14 |
Acidic ranges from | 0 to -7 (neutral/water) |
Acidic liquids order from neutral to 0 | Urine, Coffee, Beer, Lemon Juice, Lime Juice, Stomach Acid |
Basic liquids order from neutral to -14 | Blood, Sea Water, Baking Soda, Bleach, Ammonia, Oven Cleaner |
Winds flow from what direction? | West to East |
Effect of Acid Deposition | Increase Human Resp. Damage / Weakens trees / Decrease Soil Fertility / Possible decrease bird population |
What can we reduce to improve human respiratory system? (Asmatic) | Burning Fossil Fuels |
What can we do? | Conserve energy / Support politicans who advocate conservation / Carpool / Reuse, Recycle / Compost / Turn off lights / Thermostate |