Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Study Guide!
Big Major Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle? | Single-cell fertilized egg develops into mature organisms |
| In what type of cell does the cell cycle occur? | Eukaryotes |
| What are the 2 main phases of the cell cycle? | Interphase and mitotic phase(Mitosis) |
| What is in between the times when a cell is dividing? | Interphase |
| What is occurring in a cell during interphase? | Cell is reforming and carries on with its normal metabolic functions |
| What is occurring during the mitosis phase? | cell replicating itself |
| A fertilized cell develops into what organism during the cell cycle? | Mature |
| What 3 things form during the cycle? | hair, skin, and blood cells |
| What process NEVER occurs in interphase? | Absence of cell division |
| Cells obtain ____ and duplicate or copy their _____ or genetic material during interphase. | Nutrients Chromatids |
| Where are chromatids found in a cell? | nucleus |
| Chromatids are made of a molecule called ____. | DNA |
| In what PHASE do most cells spend the majority of their lifetime? | Interphase |
| How often do human skin cells divide each day? | Once |
| How many hours per day is a human skin cell in interphase? | 22 Hours |
| What type of cell may spend decades in interphase instead of dividing? | Nerve Cell |
| Name the stages of Interphase. | G1 S G2 |
| What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage? | Growth 1 and cell creates organelles and begins metabolism |
| What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage? | DNA Synthesis and chromosomes of the cell are copied |
| What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this stage? | Growth 2 and cell grows in preparation for cell division |
| From the stage G1, the cell cycle do cells sometimes EXIT? | G0 |
| What happens to cells that enter the G0 stage? | Cell are alive and metabolically active |
| Name three types of cells that enter the G0 phase when they are mature? | Heart muscle, eyes, and brain |
| What happens if these cells are damaged during your lifetime? | CANNOT be replaced |
| What stage occurs after cytokinesis? | G1 |
| What part of the cell is divided during cytokinesis? | Cytoplasm |
| What are the new cells called and how do they compare with each other? | Daughter Cells and they make identical cells |
| What is the major thing happening to a cell during G1? | Cell Growth |
| What cell structures are made in G1? | Organelles |
| Since proteins and ______ are being made during G1, there is a great amount of protein ______ occurring. | Enszmes Synthesis |
| What does the S phase stand for? | Synthesis Phase |
| What happens during the S phase? | DNA synthesis or replication occurs |
| Each chromosome originally is made of how many DNA molecules and how does this molecule appear in the chromosome? | 1 and Chromatid |
| At the end of S phase each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules? | 2 identical DNA double helix molecules |
| What structure hold the duplicated chromosomes together and is also copied during the S phase? | Centromere |
| What is the final and shortest phase of interphase? | G2 |
| About how long would a typical cell be in the G2 phase? | 4-5 Hours |
| How is the cell prepared for mitosis during the G2 phase? | By producing all of the enzymes that the cell will nee din order to divide |
| What follows the G2 phase? | Mitosis |
| What part of the cell is actually dividing in mitosis? | Nucleus |
| What is another name for mitosis? | Karyokinesis |
| When are chromosomes duplicated during mitosis? | Before |
| What process follows mitosis? | Cytokinesis |
| The nucleus divided during ______, while cytoplasm of the cell is divided during _______. | Mitosis Cytokinesis |
| How do the two new cells compare with each other? | Same genetic information (chromosome)} as the parent cell |
| The two new cells are called _____ cells. | Daughter |
| Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes? | No because they do not have a nucleus |
| What process is used by bacteria to divide and reproduce? | Mitosis |
| Body cells are called ____ cells, while reproductive cells are known as ____ cells. | Somatic Germ |
| Name the 4 mitotic stages. | Prophase(Prepare) Metaphase(Middle) Anaphase(Apart) Telephase(Two) |
| How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell? | Divide the cytoplasm by constructing the cell membrane in the middle to form a cleavage furrow |
| How does cytokinesis occur in plant cell? | Form a cell plate in the center to divide the cytoplasm |
| Genetic material is called ____ during interphase and _____ clearly visible. | Chromatin IS NOT |
| What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase? | DNA molecules are progressively shortened and condensed by coiling |
| What is used to help breakdown the nuclear membrane? | Enzymes |
| Besides the nucleus, what else is broken down during prophase? | Nucleolus |
| What forms during prophase to LATER attach and move chromosomes? | Spindle Fibers |
| Doubled chromosomes are held together by the _____. | Centromere |
| Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase? | Equator |
| During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell? | Anaphase |
| Name the 4 things that happen during telephase. | Chromosomes uncoil, Spindle Fibers disintegrate, Nuclear Envelope Reform, and Nucleolus Reform |
| The two new cells, or ______, will have an identical genetic makeup to the mother cell+ . | Daughter Cells |
| Normal Human Body Cells in humans contain how many chromosomes? | 46 |
| The 46 chromosomes are actually ____________ of chromosomes. | 23 Homologous Pairs |
| ______, or loose noodle, is a term used to describe the relaxed state of the DNA and its proteins. | Chromatin |
| ____ is a term used to identify a chromosome that has completed the process of DNA replication and now exists in duplicates that are attached at an area called the ______. | Replicated Chromosome Centromere |
| Each duplicate or strand is referred to as a _____. | Sister Chromatid |
| The Overall Purpose of mitosis is to ____. | Seperate these replicated chromosomes, portioning then into two new daughter cells. |
| What percent of cell time is in interphase? | 90% |
| Durind the S phase, what is being made? | DNA is being made. |
Created by:
mimi5063
Popular Biology sets