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What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle?
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In what type of cell does the cell cycle occur?
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Biology Study Guide!
Big Major Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle? | Single-cell fertilized egg develops into mature organisms |
| In what type of cell does the cell cycle occur? | Eukaryotes |
| What are the 2 main phases of the cell cycle? | Interphase and mitotic phase(Mitosis) |
| What is in between the times when a cell is dividing? | Interphase |
| What is occurring in a cell during interphase? | Cell is reforming and carries on with its normal metabolic functions |
| What is occurring during the mitosis phase? | cell replicating itself |
| A fertilized cell develops into what organism during the cell cycle? | Mature |
| What 3 things form during the cycle? | hair, skin, and blood cells |
| What process NEVER occurs in interphase? | Absence of cell division |
| Cells obtain ____ and duplicate or copy their _____ or genetic material during interphase. | Nutrients Chromatids |
| Where are chromatids found in a cell? | nucleus |
| Chromatids are made of a molecule called ____. | DNA |
| In what PHASE do most cells spend the majority of their lifetime? | Interphase |
| How often do human skin cells divide each day? | Once |
| How many hours per day is a human skin cell in interphase? | 22 Hours |
| What type of cell may spend decades in interphase instead of dividing? | Nerve Cell |
| Name the stages of Interphase. | G1 S G2 |
| What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage? | Growth 1 and cell creates organelles and begins metabolism |
| What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage? | DNA Synthesis and chromosomes of the cell are copied |
| What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this stage? | Growth 2 and cell grows in preparation for cell division |
| From the stage G1, the cell cycle do cells sometimes EXIT? | G0 |
| What happens to cells that enter the G0 stage? | Cell are alive and metabolically active |
| Name three types of cells that enter the G0 phase when they are mature? | Heart muscle, eyes, and brain |
| What happens if these cells are damaged during your lifetime? | CANNOT be replaced |
| What stage occurs after cytokinesis? | G1 |
| What part of the cell is divided during cytokinesis? | Cytoplasm |
| What are the new cells called and how do they compare with each other? | Daughter Cells and they make identical cells |
| What is the major thing happening to a cell during G1? | Cell Growth |
| What cell structures are made in G1? | Organelles |
| Since proteins and ______ are being made during G1, there is a great amount of protein ______ occurring. | Enszmes Synthesis |
| What does the S phase stand for? | Synthesis Phase |
| What happens during the S phase? | DNA synthesis or replication occurs |
| Each chromosome originally is made of how many DNA molecules and how does this molecule appear in the chromosome? | 1 and Chromatid |
| At the end of S phase each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules? | 2 identical DNA double helix molecules |
| What structure hold the duplicated chromosomes together and is also copied during the S phase? | Centromere |
| What is the final and shortest phase of interphase? | G2 |
| About how long would a typical cell be in the G2 phase? | 4-5 Hours |
| How is the cell prepared for mitosis during the G2 phase? | By producing all of the enzymes that the cell will nee din order to divide |
| What follows the G2 phase? | Mitosis |
| What part of the cell is actually dividing in mitosis? | Nucleus |
| What is another name for mitosis? | Karyokinesis |
| When are chromosomes duplicated during mitosis? | Before |
| What process follows mitosis? | Cytokinesis |
| The nucleus divided during ______, while cytoplasm of the cell is divided during _______. | Mitosis Cytokinesis |
| How do the two new cells compare with each other? | Same genetic information (chromosome)} as the parent cell |
| The two new cells are called _____ cells. | Daughter |
| Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes? | No because they do not have a nucleus |
| What process is used by bacteria to divide and reproduce? | Mitosis |
| Body cells are called ____ cells, while reproductive cells are known as ____ cells. | Somatic Germ |
| Name the 4 mitotic stages. | Prophase(Prepare) Metaphase(Middle) Anaphase(Apart) Telephase(Two) |
| How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell? | Divide the cytoplasm by constructing the cell membrane in the middle to form a cleavage furrow |
| How does cytokinesis occur in plant cell? | Form a cell plate in the center to divide the cytoplasm |
| Genetic material is called ____ during interphase and _____ clearly visible. | Chromatin IS NOT |
| What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase? | DNA molecules are progressively shortened and condensed by coiling |
| What is used to help breakdown the nuclear membrane? | Enzymes |
| Besides the nucleus, what else is broken down during prophase? | Nucleolus |
| What forms during prophase to LATER attach and move chromosomes? | Spindle Fibers |
| Doubled chromosomes are held together by the _____. | Centromere |
| Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase? | Equator |
| During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell? | Anaphase |
| Name the 4 things that happen during telephase. | Chromosomes uncoil, Spindle Fibers disintegrate, Nuclear Envelope Reform, and Nucleolus Reform |
| The two new cells, or ______, will have an identical genetic makeup to the mother cell+ . | Daughter Cells |
| Normal Human Body Cells in humans contain how many chromosomes? | 46 |
| The 46 chromosomes are actually ____________ of chromosomes. | 23 Homologous Pairs |
| ______, or loose noodle, is a term used to describe the relaxed state of the DNA and its proteins. | Chromatin |
| ____ is a term used to identify a chromosome that has completed the process of DNA replication and now exists in duplicates that are attached at an area called the ______. | Replicated Chromosome Centromere |
| Each duplicate or strand is referred to as a _____. | Sister Chromatid |
| The Overall Purpose of mitosis is to ____. | Seperate these replicated chromosomes, portioning then into two new daughter cells. |
| What percent of cell time is in interphase? | 90% |
| Durind the S phase, what is being made? | DNA is being made. |
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