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AH CHAPTER 13 VOCAB

Chapter 13 Vocabulary RNA and Protein Synthesis

TermDefinition
RNA polymer made of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil
messenger RNA carries instructions of how to assemble amino acids from nucleus to ribosomes
transfer RNA carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosme
ribosomal RNA substance that makes up ribosomes
transcription making of RNA from DNA
RNA polymerase enzyme that assembles RNA nucleotides using DNA
promoter region of gene where RNA polymerase binds and begins transcription
intron sequence of DNA NOT involved in making of protein
exon sequence of DNA that IS involved with making of a protein
polypeptide long chain of amino acids
codon a 3-base combination of RNA, like GCG
translation m-RNA is read by ribosome, and amino acids are assembled accordingly
anticodon a 3-base combination found on t-RNA
gene expression name given to a gene that is turned on produces product
mutation a permanent change in the bases of DNA
mutagen any substance that causes mutations
point mutation type of mutation that affects only 1 DNA base
frameshift mutation insertion or deletion causes this mutation to occur
polyploidy extra sets of chromosomes in a cell
operon a group of genes that are regulated together
operator a region on the DNA molecule where repressors bind
RNA interference Blocking of gene expression by attaching a RNA silencing complex to the m-RNA molecule is called this.
differentiation When cells become specialized in structure and function, it is called this.
homeobox gene DNA sequence made of approximately 130 base pairs, they regulate development
Hox gene A group of genes located side-by-side on a chromosome that determine how body segments develop are called.
Created by: jamesweide
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