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Chapter 13-RNA
Vocab words from Chapter 13, Miller-Levine Biology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
RNA | polymer made of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil |
messenger RNA | carries instructions of how to assemble amino acids from nucleus to ribosomes |
transfer RNA | carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosme |
ribosomal RNA | substance that makes up ribosomes |
transcription | making of RNA from DNA |
RNA polymerase | enzyme that assembles RNA nucleotides using DNA |
promoter | region of gene where RNA polymerase binds and begins transcription |
intron | sequence of DNA NOT involved in making of protein |
exon | sequence of DNA that IS involved with making of a protein |
polypeptide | long chain of amino acids |
codon | a 3-base combination of RNA, like GCG |
translation | m-RNA is read by ribosome, and amino acids are assembled accordingly |
anticodon | a 3-base combination found on t-RNA |
gene expression | name given to a gene that is turned on produces product |
mutation | a permanent change in the bases of DNA |
mutagen | any substance that causes mutations |
point mutation | type of mutation that affects only 1 DNA base |
frameshift mutation | insertion or deletion causes this mutation to occur |
polyploidy | extra sets of chromosomes in a cell |
operon | a group of genes that are regulated together |
operator | a region on the DNA molecule where repressors bind |
RNA interference | Blocking of gene expression by attaching a RNA silencing complex to the m-RNA molecule is called this. |
differentiation | When cells become specialized in structure and function, it is called this. |
homeobox gene | DNA sequence made of approximately 130 base pairs, they regulate development |
Hox gene | A group of genes located side-by-side on a chromosome that determine how body segments develop are called. |