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Anatomy- Phonation
the anatomy of phonation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| voiceless phonemes | speech sounds that are produced without the use of vocal folds i.e. /s/, /f/ |
| voiced phonemes | speech sounds that are produced by action of vocal folds i.e. /z/, /v/ |
| phonation (voicing) | the product of vibrating the vocal folds; occurs within the larynx, source of voicing for speech |
| respiration | source of energy for speech |
| glottis | space between the vocal folds |
| subglottal region | area below the vocal folds |
| ventricular fold | also known as the false folds |
| MBS | modified barium swallow |
| aryepiglottic fold | connects the epiglottis with the apex of the arytenoid cartilage |
| cricoid cartilage | complete ring resting atop the trachea; crikey, it's a ring! :) |
| thryoid cartilage | largest of the laryngeal cartilages, articulates with the cricoid cartliage below; able to rock back and forth at the joint, inner surface provides anterior point of attachment for vocal folds |
| thyroid notch | the vocal folds attach to the thyroid cartliage just behind this point; above the laryngeal prominenece |
| arytenoid cartilages | paired cartilages that ride on high-backed upper surface of the cricoid cartliage; for posterior point of attachment for vocal folds, pyramid shaped |
| corniculate cartilages | paired cartilages that ride on the superior surgace of each arytenoid cartliage; prominent landmarks in aryepiglottic folds |
| cuneiform cartilages | small cartilages embedded within the aryepiglotic folds; provide support for membranous laryngeal covering |
| hyoid bone | articulates with the thyroid cartilage by means of the thryoid's superior processes; located superior to larynx |
| epiglottis | leaf-like cartilage located medially to the hyoid bone; protective structure, covers orifice of the larynx during swallowing |
| valleculae | found between tongue and epiglottis, within folds arising from several ligaments; look like valleys |
| pyriform sinus | space between the fold of the aryepiglottic membrane and thyroid cartilage laterally |
| epithelium | most superficial layer of the vocal folds, an extremely thin sheet of squamous epithelium; aids in hydration of vocal folds by assisting in fluid retention |
| lamina propria | deep to epithelial layer, connective tissue that underlines mucosal epithelia throughout the body; composed of three different tissues or layers |
| thyrovocalis muscle | deep to lamina propria, 5th layer of vocal folds; medial muscle of vocal folds; tenses; draws vocal folds farther apart in front |
| arytenoid cartilage movements | rocking, gliding, rotating |
| rocking of arytenoid cartilages | brings vocal process of arytenoid cartliage together, so vocal folds are brought to midline |
| gliding of arytenoid cartilages | anterior-posterior movement; change in vocal fold length |
| rotation of arytenoid cartliages | rotates around a vertical axis through apex; for extreme positions of abduction (such as heavy breathing) |
| lateral cricoarytenoid | primary adductor; rocks arytenoid medially, pulls muscular process forward during contraction |
| transverse and oblique arytenoid | supporting adductors; bring arytenoids to midline |
| medial compression | degree of force that is applied to vocal folds at point of contact; increased medial compression = increased force of adduction ex. yelling uses high degree of medial compression |
| posterior cricoarytenoid | only abductor; pulls muscular process back; active during physical exertion |
| cricothyroid | glottal tensor; rocks thyroid cartilage forward; responsible for tensing/lengthening vocal folds for pitch change |
| thyromuscularis | relaxes vocal folds; lateral to thyrovocalis |
| aditus larygnis | entryway of larynx, marking entry to vestibule |
| vocal hyperfunction | using excessive adductory force on vocal folds, can result in laryngitis, vocal nodules, contact ulcers, or vocal polyps |
Created by:
terriers16
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