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Biology notes
7.1 and 36.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | The ability to do work. |
| Autotroph | An organism PLANT that makes its own food |
| Primary Consumers | Herbivores, first level of consumers |
| Omnivores | Have a diet of both meat and plants, consumers and producers. |
| Detritus | Waste and remains of a dead organism |
| Photosynthesis | A plant using the suns energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars. |
| Consumer | Organisms that eat other organisms |
| Secondary Consumers | Organisms that eat the consumers that eat the producers |
| Decomposers | Organisms such as bacteria, mushroom, and fungi |
| Food Webs | Pattern of feeding in an ecosystem consisting of interconnected and branching food chains. |
| Producers | Organism that produce carbohydrate molecules which have energy in chemical bonds to hold them together. |
| Biomass | Total organic mass in the ecosystem |
| Heterotroph | Organisms that eat other organisms |
| Carnivores | secondary consumers, or meat eaters |
| Trophic Levels | Feeding level in an ecosystem |
| Food Chain | Pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another. |
| Herbivores | Animals that only eat plants |
| Tertiary Consumers | Animals that feed on the secondary animals, may be part of the ecosystem |
| Cellular Respiration | Chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy in organic molecules to another form of chemical energy. |
| Primary Productivity | Rate at which producers in an ecosystem build biomass |
| Energy Pyramid | Diagram representing energy loss from one trophic level to the next |
| Biomass Pyramid | Diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| Pyramid of numbers | Representation of the number of individual organisms in each trophic level of an ecpsystem |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion |
| Potential Energy | Energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement. |
| Thermal Energy | Total amount of energy associated with the random movements of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter. |
| Chemical Energy | Potential to perform work due to the arrangement of atoms within molecules |
| Calorie | Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water to 1C |
| ATP | (Adenosine Triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work. |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| Chlorophyll | pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| Stroma | thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
| Thylakoid | disk-shaped sac in the stroma of a chloroplast; site of the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Light Reactions | chemical reactions that convert the sun's energy to chemical energy; take place in the membranes of thylakoids in the chloroplast |
| Calvin Cycle | cycle in plants that makes sugar from carbon dioxide, H+ ions, and high-energy electrons carried by NADPH |
| Equation for photosynthesis | 6CO2+6H2O---->light C6H12O6+6O2 |
| Wavelength | distance between adjacent waves |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | range of types of electromagnetic energy from gamma waves to radio waves |
| Pigment | chemical compound that determines a substance's color |
| Paper Chromatography | laboratory technique used to observe the different pigments in a material |
| Photosystem | cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid |
| Fermentation | cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
| Lactic acid fermentation | process by which glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy |
| Anaerobic | without oxygen |
| Alcoholic fermentation | biological process in which sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy |
| Mitochondria | an organelle in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| metabolism | all of a cell's chemical processes |
| ATP Synthase | protein structure in cell mitochondria that uses energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP |
| glycolysis | the splitting in half of a glucose molecule; the first stage of cellular respiration and fermentation |
| Aerobic | requiring oxygen |
| Krebs cycle | stage of cellular respiration that finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy |
| Electron transport chain | sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration |
| equation for cellular respiration | C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP |
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sheluk1
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