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BIOLOGY

asp 1-D THE CELL CYCLE

WORDS TO KNOWDEFINITIONS
Anaphase The third stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes split and move to opposite ends of the cell
Autosome A chromosome that determines all body features
Centriole A structure at each pole of a dividing cell
Chromatid Each copy of the chromosme that results from the prophase of mitosis
Chromatin The combination of histones (specialized proteins) and DNA
Crossing ver The exchange of DNA in prophase I
Daughter Cells Cells produced by division of the parent cell that are identical copies of the parent
Diploid Cells Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes (2n); one set from each parent (n)
DNA polymerase An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA molecules during mitosis
Egg The female reproductive cell
Fertilization The joining of male and female reproductive cells
Gametes Sex cells
Gene A factor that controls inherited traits; a defined section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific trait
Haploid Cells (Monoploid Cells) Cells with only one set of chromosomes; usually sex cells
Histones Proteins that help package DNA into chromosomes
Homologous Similar in appearance and structure, but not necessarily having the same function
Interphase Growth period of a cell during which the chromosomes are replicated
M phase Stage of the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are replicated
Meiosis Cell division process that creates sex cells
Meiotic interphase The period between meisois I and meiosis II in the cell division process
Metaphase Second stage of mitosis or meiosis in which spindles arrange the chromosomes in the middle of the cell
Mitosis Cell division process during which chromosomes are equally distributed to the two daughter cells; produces two identical cells having a 2n number of chromosomes
Mutagens Agents that cause mutations
Mutation A physical change in a chromosome or a chemical change in a gene that is inherited
Nondisjunction Failure of chromosomes to separate properly
Prophase The first stage of mitosis, in which the nucleus begins to change greatly; also the first stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes become visible under a microscope
Sex Cells Gametes, or cells that can be used in reproduction; in humans, the sperm and the egg
Sister Chromatids Two chromosomes that bind with each other during cellular reproduction
Sperm Male sex cell
Spindle The structure in cells that forms during reproduction; the chromosomes are distributed along the spindle, and they are drawn apart during both meiosis and mitosis
Substitution A type of geneic mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another
Telophase The last phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes commpletely separate and the cell begins to fully divide.
Translocation The transfer of part of a chromosome to a new position on the same or a different chromosome, with a resulting rearrangement of the genes
Tumor An abnormal mass of tissue
Created by: MEL3024
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