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BIOLOGY

asp 1-C NUCLEOTIDES AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

WORDS TO KNOWDEFINITIONS
Adenine (A) One of the bases that make up the genetic code of DNA and RNA group of three nucleotides that bind to codons on mRNA during protein synthesis
Anticodons Group of three nucleotides that bind to codons on mRNA during protein synthesis
Chromosomes Bundles of coiled DNA inside the nucleus
Codons Three-letter sequences in mRNA molecule
Cytosine (C) One of three bases that make up the genetic code of DNA and RNA
DNA The molecules in a cell that contain genetic information that determines the structure and function of the cell; abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid
Deoxyribose A five-carbon sugar found in DNA
Double helix The twisted, ladder-like shape of two DNA strands wrapped around each other
Guanine (G) One of the bases that make up the genetic code of DNA and RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Type of RNA involved in protein synthesis; nitrogen-containing base
Nitrogen-containing base DNA base that is composed of one or two rings of nitrogen and carbon
Nucleic acids Complex organic acids that form nucleotide chains; the major ones are DNA and RNA, and contain an organism's basic genetic information
Nucleotides Long chains of compounds that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and are associated with protein synthesis
Ribose A five-carbon sugar found in RNA nucleotides
Ribosomal RNA RNA that is a fundamental element of the structure of ribosomes
RNA polymerase An enzyme active in the synthesis of RNA
Start codon The first codon in mRNA, beginning with the sequence AUG
Stop codon The last codon in mRNA, ending with one of three sequences
Thymine (T) A component of nucleic acid that pairs with adenine in DNA
Transcription The process by which mRNA is produced
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Type of RNA involved in protein synthesis
Translation The process by which RNA directs the sequence of amino acids assembled by a ribosome during protein synthesis
Uracil (U) A nitrogen base found in RNA nucleotides
Created by: MEL3024
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