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dgangell Digestive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | The process of obtaining raw materials from food |
| Ingestion | The act of eating food or drinking; the first stage of food processing |
| Digestion | Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into molecules small enough for absorption; the second stage of food processing |
| Absorption | uptake of small nutrient molecules; the third stage of food processing |
| Elimination | passage of undigested material from the digestive tract; the fourth stage of food processing |
| Alimentary Canal | Digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus |
| Saliva | liquid secreted into the mouth that contains mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical digestion |
| Bolus | Chewed clump of food that leaves the mouth and travels through the alimentary canal |
| Pharynx | the junction in the throat of the alimentary canal and the trachea |
| Esopaghus | Muscle-encased tube of the alimentary canal that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| Peristalsis | series of smooth muscle contractions that push food through the alimentary canal |
| Stomach | elastic, muscular sac where some chemical and some mechanical digestion take place |
| Chyme | liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids released from the stomach into the small intestine |
| Small Intestine | long, narrow tube where digestion is completed and most absorption occurs |
| Liver | largest organ in the body; performs many functions such as producing bile, storing glucose as glycogen, and transforming ammonia to urea |
| Gallbladder | organ that stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine |
| Pancreas | gland that makes digestive enzymes and secretes them into the small intestine; makes the hormones insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood |
| Villus | fingerlike projection of the inner surface of the small intestine that functions in absorbing nutrients |
| Large Intestine | portion of the alimentary canal from which water is reabsorbed into the body |
| Feces | undigested food material and other waste products that exit the body through the anus |