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CANCER BIOLOGY

TRANSCRIPTION

QuestionAnswer
ONE GENE-ONE POLYPEPTIDE HYPOTHESIS THE SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE POLYPEPTIDE RELATES TO THE SEQUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDES IN THE GENE & mRNA
TRIPLETS -THE GENETIC CODE IS BASED ON 3-NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ("WORDS") IN DNA -EACH TRIPLET IN A GENE CODES FOR A SPECIFIC AMINO ACID, START SIGNAL, OR A STOP SIGNAL
UNIVERALITY OF GENETIC CODE FACILITATES GENETIC ENGINEERING B/C OF the biochemical basis of heredity and BEING nearly universal in all organisms
CENTRAL DOGMA THEORY -EXPLAINS THE FLOW OF GENERTIC INFORMATION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS -DESCRIBES HOW THE INFORMATION STORED IN GENES IS USED TO MAKE PROTEINS DNA-TRANSCRIPTION->RNA-TRANSLATION->PROTEIN
TRANSCRIPTION -TRANSFER THE TRIPLET CODE INFORMATION STORED IN THE CODING STRAND OF A GENE TO A MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) -MAKES A mRNA MOLECULE OR "TRANSCRIPT"
mRNA SEQUENCE -IS IDENTICAL TO THE DNA CODING STRAND SEQUENCE
RNA POLYMERASE -READS THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE TEMPLATE (NON-CODING) STRAND (3'-5'STRAND)OF A GENE TO MAKES A COMPLEMENTARY mRNA IDENTICAL TO THE CODING STRAND
TEMPLATE STRAND -3'---5' DIRECTION STRAND (BOTTOM) -STRAND THAT IS TRANSCRIBED TO FORM mRNS
CODING STRAND -5'---3' DIRECTION STRAND (TOP) -HAS THE SAME BASE SEQUENCE AS THE RNA TRANSCRIPT -CONTAINS CODONS TO DETERMINE AA PROTEIN SEQUENCE
RNA POLYMERASE I -MAKES RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA)
RNA POLYMERASE II -MAKES MESSENGER RNA (mRNA), MICRO RNA, & SMALL NUCLEAR RNA -IT CAN BACKTRACK ALONG mRNA TO REMOVE MISPAIRED OR DAMAGES NUCLEOTIDES
RNA POLYMERASE III MAKES TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)
INITIATION PHASE OF TRANSCRIPTION -POSITION, ASSEMBLE, & ACTIVATE RNA POLYMERASE -SEPARATE DOUBLE HELIX @ PROMOTER -RNA POLYMERASE & SIX GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (PROTEINS) ASSEMBLE AT THE PROMOTER OF A GENE
ELONGATION PHASE OF TRANSCRIPTION -RNA POLYMERASE UNWINDS THE DOUBLE HELIX (~10-20 BASE PAIRS) AND MAKES A mRNA MOLECULE COMPLEMENTARY TO THE TEMPLATE TO THE TEMPLATE (NON-CODING) STRAND -RNA POLYMERASE II LINKS ~50 NUCLEOTIDES TOGETHER PER/SEC DURING THIS PHASE
TERMINATION PHASE OF TRANSCRIPTION -mRNA IS CUT 10-35 NUCLEOTIDE PAST THE POLYADENYLATION SIGNAL (AATAAA) & RELEASE FROM RNA POLYMERASE
Created by: dgira002
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