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Biotech Chapt 2.

TermDefinition
Envirorment The physical and biological factors along with chemical interactions that affect an organism.
Plant Breeding Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.
Enzyme Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of metabolic processes that sustain life.
Fermentation A metabolic process of converting surgars to acids, and gasses or alcohol.
Yeast a Eukaryotic microorganism related to fungi.
Heredity Traits that are passed from parents to offspring.
Law of Segregation states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.
Law of Assortment This principle states that the alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed. These allele pairs are then randomly united at fertilization.
Cells The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms.
Vaccine A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
Antibiotic Germ-Killing substance produced by bacterium or mold.
Artificial Insemination The deposition of spermatozoa in the female genitalia by artificial rather than natural.
Embryo Transfer The process of removing an embryo from a superior female and implanting it into a inferior female.
Genetic Code The order in which four chemical constituents are arranged in huge molecules of DNA: These molecules transmit genetic information to cells.
Vertical Gene Transfer The transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring.
DNA A genetic protein like acid on plant and animal genes and chromosomes that controls inheritance.
Double Helix Description of the two spiral shaped strands of phosphoric acid and deoxyribose found within the nucleus of cells.
Genetic Engineering The direct manipulation of the gene using biotechnology.
Horizontal Gene Transfer A process in which microbes are natural "genetic engineers" transferring genetic material between cells.
Gene Splicing The process of removing or inserting gentic material in order to change an organisms trait(s).
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