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Sections 7.2/7.3

All about Cells

TermDefinition
Cytoplasm The portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Everything but the nucleus.
Organelles Structures that act little specialized organs. Called little organs
Nucleus Contains nearly all the cell's DNA, which is the coded instructions for making proteins and other molecules.
Vacuoles Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Lysosomes Small organelles filled with enzymes. They break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules the rest of the cell can use. Remove the junk from the cell, clean up crew.
Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments that give a eukaryotic cell its shape and its internal organization.
Centrioles Located near the nucleus and helps organize cell division. Made up of tubulins.
Ribosomes Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells. Proteins are assembled on these.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Internal membrane system, where the lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with protein and other materials for export.
Rough ER Involved in the synthesis of proteins. Given its name because of the ribosomes found in its surface.
Smooth ER Contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks. Liver cells contain a lot of these and play a key role in drug detoxification.
Golgi Apparatus An organelle that resembles a stack of flattened membranes. It modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release.
Chloroplasts Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Mitochondria Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient fr the cell to use. Power plant of the cell.
Cell Wall Strong supporting layer around the membrane found in majority of all cells.
Lipid Bilayer Gives the cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
Selectively Permeable Some substances can pass across and others cannot. These membranes are also called semipermeable membranes.
Cell Membrane Regulates materials entering and leaving cell. It protects and supports. Contains the lipid bilayer.
Diffusion The driving force behind the movement of many substances across the cell membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion The process in which molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through this special protein channel.
Passive Transport The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy.
Aquaporins Water channel protein that allows water to pass right through it.
Osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Isonic The concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell. Water moves equally back and forth.
Hypertonic The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. Net movement of water out of the cell causes it to shrink.
Hypotonic The solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell. A net movement of water molecules into the cell causes it to swell.
Osmotic Pressure The net movement of water out of or into a cell produces this force.
Active Transport Movement of materials against a concentration difference. Requires energy.
Endocytosis The process of taking material into the cell by mean of infolding, or pockets, of the cell membrane.
Exocytosis Membrane of the vacuole surounding the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of the cell.
Created by: jamiemariega
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