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cell
tour of cell
| Light Microscope (LM) | visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses. Lenses refract (bend) the light, so that the image is magnified. 1,000 times the size of the actual specimen |
| Magnification | The ratio of an object's image size to it real size |
| Resolution | The measure of the clarity of the image, or the minimum distance of two distinguishable points |
| Contrast | visible differences in parts of the sample |
| Scanning electron microscope (SEM) | focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3-D |
| Transmission electron microscope (TEM) | focus a beam of electrons through a specimen, used mainly to study the internal structure of cells |
| The basic structural and functional unit of every organism. two type of cells | Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic |
| Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea | Prokaryotic |
| Protists, fungi, animals, and plants | Eukaryotic cells |
| Basic feature of all cells | Plasma membrane (cell membrane) Semifluid substance called cytosol Chromosomes ( carry genes) Ribosomes (makes proteins) |
| Prokaryotic Cells | No nucleus envelope DNA in an unbound region called nucleoid No membrane-bound organelles Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane |
| Eukaryotic Cells | DNA in nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope Larger and complex Membrane-bound organelles Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus |
| Nucleus | contains most of the cell's genes and is usually the most conspicuous organelles, The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm, nuclear membrane is a double membrane, each membrane consists of a lipid bilayer |
| Pores | regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus |
| Microvilli | projections that increase the cells surface area |
| Cytoskeleton | reinforces cells shape; function in cell movement components are made of protein, includes; Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments,Microtubules |
| Flagellum | motility structure present in some animal sells, composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane |
| Mitochondrion | organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated |
| Lysosome | digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting and secretion of cell products |
| Ribosomes | small brown dots complexes that makes proteins, free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope. Made up of RNA and proteins |
| Plasma membrane | membrane enclosing the cell |
| Cell wall | outer layer that maintains cells shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein |
| Plasmodesmata | cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells |
| Central Vacuole | prominent organelle in older plants cells; function include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules. enlargement of vacuole is major mechanism of plant growth |
Created by:
breawnsmith
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