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Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allele | alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism |
| dominant | observed trait of an organsim that masks the recessive form of a trait |
| fertilazation | fusion of male and female gamete |
| gamete | male and female sex cells |
| genetics | branch of biology that studys heredity |
| genotype | combination of genes in an organism |
| heredity | passing on of characteristics from parents to offsprings |
| heterozygous | when there are two different alleles for a trait |
| homozygous | when there are two identical for a trait |
| hybird | offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait |
| law of independent assortment | mendelian principle stating that genes for a different traits are inherited independtly of each other |
| law of segregation | mendelian principle stating that because eavh plant has two different alleles it can produce two different alleles of gametes |
| phenotype | outward appearance of an organism regardless of its genes |
| pollination | from male reproductive organs to female repoductive organs of plants |
| recessive | traits of an organism that can be masked ny the dominant form of a trait |
| trait | charcteristcs that is inheridted |
| zygote | diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg |
| crossing over | exchange og enetic materials netween nonsister chromotids from homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meosis |
| diploid | cell with two of eavh kind of chromosome |
| egg | haploid female sex cell produced by meosis |
| genetic recombination | major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by resorttment or corssing over during meosis |
| haploid | cell with one of each kind of chromosome |
| homologous chromosomes | paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order |
| meiosis | type of cell divison where one body cell produces four gametes |
| nondijunction | failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate properly during meosis |
| sexual reproduction | pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of hapliod sex cells |
| sperm | hapliod male sex cell produced by meosis |