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Chapter 11 Vocab

DNA and Genes

TermDefinition
DNA Replication process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis
double helix shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.
nitrogenous base carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; includes adenine, guanine,cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
codon set of three nitrogenous bases that repersents and amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in protein.
messenger RNA RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm.
ribosomal RNA RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order.
transcription process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand.
transfer DNA RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins.
translation process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.
chromosomal mutation mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribitution to gametes during meosis; caused when parts of chromosomes break off and rejoin incorrectly.
frameshift mutation mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base.
mutagen any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures.
mutation any change or random error in a DNA sequence.
point mutation mutation in a DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair.
Created by: Kaylar626
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