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Great Britain and EU
AP Comp Gov - Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Great Britain | England, Scotland, and Wales |
| United Kingdom / Britain | Great Britain and Norther Ireland |
| unitary state | political decisions all made by parliamentary gov in London with fusion of powers |
| fusion of powers | executive and legislaure not separated |
| devolution | more local decision making power has been given to legislatures in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland |
| gradualism | political change in Britain; took place gradually such as shift in policymaking from mocarch to Parliament; due to island geography |
| 1066 - invasion of Normas | unification of state under Normans; census = domesday book, used for taxation and control |
| 1215 - Magna Carta | established principle of limited government; king was not absolute monarch above the law and needed to consult nobility in Parliament |
| !523-36 - English Reformation | started forces that would depoliticize the church |
| 1688 - Glorious Revolution | established parliamentary supremacy; gives parliament "power of purse" ie fiscal power and a bill of rights |
| 1701 - Act of Settlement | regularized procedures for royal succession and asserted that monarchs must govern in accordance with parliamentary laws |
| 1700s - emergence of prime minister | 1st among equals |
| collective responsibility | cabinet is publically united; don't walk out of cabinet meeting bad mouth prime minister |
| parliamentary democracy | in 1911 when House of Lords stripped of remaining power |
| common law | legal system based on local customs and precendent rather than formal legal codes |
| British Common Law | developed over 100s of years; decisions of public officials and courts make to set precedents for later action and decisions, eventually forming a comprehensive set of principles of government |
| Law of Lords | summit of judicial system; becomes independent UK Supreme Court in 2009 |
| British constitution | not single document; developed over 100s of years; consists of: 1 acts of parliament; 2 common law; 3 tradition (convention) |
| hegemonic power | UK was world's greatest empire in 1800s |
| interventionist state | rose post WWI; greater control of number of industries needed for "total war"; post war, union opposition, state increased management of certain industries |
| nationalizing | extpanded state role in economy; ex: nationalized Bank of England, civil aviation, iron/steel industry, etc |
| National Health Service (NHS) | virtually free health care for all citizens |
| geopolitical influences on Brit | few invasions; not huge country, makes for stability; island = strong navy |
| collective consensus | 1951-63; for state-centered solutions; consevatives joined with labour so they can get back in power |
| trans unions congress | workers union |
| confederation of British industry | union of management |
| winter of discontent | falling economic conditions created strikes; cost Labour the next election |
| Thatcherism | repudiate main tenets of British collectivism by bringing neoliberalism; favors private sector ove state ownership; monetarism over keynesianism |
| enterprise culture | promoted by thatcherism; denationalized state-owned industries and attacked culture of dependency |
| poll tax | downfall of thatcher; on individual to supplement existing income tax |
| pragmatic consensus | characterized by john major; pursued popular issues like abandoning poll tax and appointing more women to cabinet posts |
| Maastricht Treaty | JM conditional agreement to EEC (later, EU); faced strong domestic opposition |
| New Labour | led by Tony Blair; called for "Third Way" |
| Third Way | alternative to Thatcherism and old Labour social welcare |
| Chancellor of Exchequer | Gordon Brown - understanding that Brown was successor to Blair |
| Good Friday Agreement | successful negotiations for northern ireland between protestants and catholics |
| Blair Doctrine | humanitarian intervention in Sierra leone and Kosovo |
| bill of rights | adopting european convention on human rights in 2000 |
| independent judiciary | turned the law lords into a uk supreme court |
| freedom of information act | overturned much of official secrets act |
| devolution | more home rule and elected assemblies in scotland, wales, norhtern ireland (w/ proportional representation ther) |
| euroskeptics | want to exit the EU |
| fusion of powers | expedites passage of legislature |
| Law Lords | highest court of appeal; was in House of Lords, but moved to independent supreme court in 2009 |
| head of state | monarch; has little rights but participates in seremonial, symbolic roles |
| cabinet | PM and ministers, each heads a major government bureaucracy |
| collective cabinet | center of policy making of Brit political system |
| role of PM | head of gov; powers derived from sutom rather than written law |
| party discipline | all members of party's parliament delegation expected to vote same way; party chooses what district a person will run in |
| loyal opposition | the minority party |
| shadow cabinet | senior member of loyal opposition |
| backbenchers | members of parliament with no cabinet position |
| first reading | readied by government, introduced to commons |
| second reading | if majority supports, goes t ocommittee for detailed scrutiny |
| third reading | post committees, in fashion the gov wants; final vote |
| question time | allows members of parliament to address questions to PM; enables opposition to hold ruling party accountable for its policies |
| party whip | important in getting out vote; inforces party discipline |
| vote of confidence | ruling party wants to avoid this; if ussue not supported, cabinet must resign immediately w/new elections for MPs; drastic measure, avoided by settling policy differences w/majority party membership |
| hereditary peers | went from 50% to vast minority of House of Lords |
| life peers | majority of House of Lords now; nominated based on merit |
| bureaucracy / civil service | whitewall; critical role in advice on and execution of gov. policies; party of exec branch; merit-based; DOESN'T MAKE - JUST ADMINISTERS POLICY |
| new public management | reduction in size and type; 1/3 technocrats |
| QUANGOs | quasi-autonomous non-gov organizations; gov moved various functions to these; like independent US agencies like EPA |
| linkage institutions | print/e-media, political parties, interest groups, etc.; |
| whigs | liberal party |
| tories | conservative party |
| labour party | formed early 20th century in response to new voter demands |
| labour party | largest leftist party; alliance of trade unions and socialist groups; now neoliberal reforms with traditional emphasis on social welfare programs |
| Clause 4 | called for nationalization of major industries; removal in 1990s = New Labour of Blair |
| conservative party | largest rightist party; usually viewed as elitist; 2 factions: 1. traditional: elitist, favor EU membership; 2. Thatcherite: strict conservatives, Euroskeptics, David Cameron |
| liberal democratic party | strong centrist party undermined by movement of labour party to center; opposed war in Iraq; Nick Clegg; under represented |
Created by:
seniors14
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