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Chapter 11 Vocab.

TermDefinition
DNA Replication process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis
Double Helix shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases
Nitrogenous base carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
Codon set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order
Transcription process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand
Transfer RNA (tRNA) RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins
Translation process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein
Chromosomal Mutation mutation that occurs at the chromosomes level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gsmetes during meiosis; caused when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly
Frameshift Mutation mutation that occurs that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base
Mutagen any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures
Mutation any change or random error in a DNA sequence
Point Mutation mutation in a DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair
Created by: Carolina Rosado
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