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chapter 11
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA replication | process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis |
| double helix | shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases |
| nitrogenous base | carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen |
| codon | set of three nitrogenous base that represent an amino acid |
| messenger RNA | RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm |
| ribosomal RNA | RNA that makes up the ribosomes |
| transcription | process int he cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand |
| transfer RNA | RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembles into proteins |
| translation | process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| chromosomal mutation | mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis |
| frameshift mutation | mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA |
| mutagen | any agent that can cause a change in DNA |
| mutation | any change or random error in a DNA sequence |
| point mutation | mutation in the DNA sequence |