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Ch 4 Vocabulary

Vocab from Ch 4 on Heredity

WordDefinition
heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
trait A characteristic that an organism can pass to it's offspring through it's genes.
genetics The scientific study of heredity
fertilization The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism.
purebred The offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
gene The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
alleles The different forms of a gene.
dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
recessive allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a trait.
probability A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.
punnett square A chart that shows all the possible combination of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
phenotype An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
genotype An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait.
heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait.
codominance A condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene is either dominant or recessive.
meiosis The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
Messenger RNA RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
Transfer RNA RNA in the cytoplasm that carries and amino acid the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
Created by: Erica1313
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