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BJU BIO CH 5

march bio ch 5a key terms

Key TermDefinition
species characteristics characteristics that every normal member of a species possesses
individual characteristics characteristics that set one organism apart from another organism
genetics the study of heredity
heredity the transmission of genes from parents to offspring
gene a section of DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide chain of amino acids and causes a trait
chromatin material chromosomes as they appear in an active nondividing cell; appear as a fuzzy, tangled mass in the nucleus
chromosomes a strand of DNA with proteins attachedp; each chromosome contains many genes
histones proteins that support and protect the DNA
chromatid a duplicated chromosome ready for cell division
centromere the point of attachment for 2 chromatids
karyotype a picture of the chromosomes in a cell
homologous pairs of chromosomes 2 number 1 chromosomes; 2 number 2 chromosomes, etc.
homologue each member of a homologous pair of chromosomes
diploid when a cell has homologous pairs of chromosomes
haploid cells that have only 1 set of chromosomes; not paird
interphase the time of growth for the cell
mitosis the division of the nuclear material; the process where the copies of the genetic material are separated into 2 sets
cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm
prophase 1st phase of mitosis; chromosomes get short and thick, coil up, and form sister chromatids
metaphase centromeres of the chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane; sister chromatids take shape of an "X"
anaphase the phase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate; centromeres pull daughter chromosomes along spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell
telophase the stage of mitosis where daughter chromsomes are at the end of the spindle
asexual reproduction the stage of mitosis where any form of reproduction that involves only mitotic cell division; includes fragmentation, budding, and spore formation
meiosis the reduction of a cell's chromosme number from diploid to haploid by 2 consecutive cell divisions
zygote a diploid cell that results from the union of 2 haploid cells
gametes haploid cells that unite to form a zygote
fertilization the process of forming a zygote
isogametes gametes that are alike
heterogametes gametes that are not alike;p usually either a sperm or an ovum
spermatogenesis formation of sperm
oogenesis formation of ova
kinetochore Special proteins located at the centromere where spindle fibers attach
mitotic spindle Special microtubules that will “direct” the movements of the chromosomes during mitosis.
Kinetochore fiber A type of mitotic spindle fiber extending out from the centrosomes, attach to the kinetochore of the centromere, and begin to position them for the next phase.
Polar fiber A type of mitotic spindle fiber that extend out from 1 chromosome to the middle of the cell to join polar fibers from the opposite centrosome.
Equatorial plane An imaginary line bisecting the spindle
Cell plate Formed by small membrane-bound vesicles formed by alignment and fusing of the Golgi bodies
Binary fission A method of asexual reproduction in which the nuclear material is copied and the parent cell divides into 2 equal cells
spore A cell (sometimes cells) with a hard protective covering; form of asexual reproduction
tetrad A structure formed when homologous chromosomes pair up during synapsis
Crossing-over The exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Created by: marchbio
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