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MrRaines Cells
A study of Cells, Structure, and Funcions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | Smallest functional unit of all organisms |
| Organism | Anything with one or more cells that can carry out life processes independently |
| Unicellular | Organism with one cell. Divide to reproduce. |
| Multicellular | Organism with 2 or more cells.Divide to replace and grow. |
| Cell Membrane | A protective layer that covers the cell's surface and acts as a barrier. |
| prokaryote | no nucleus, DNA is in the cytoplasm, sometimes has a flagella, usually smaller, and organelles not bound by membrane. |
| eukaryote | Has a nucleus, has DNA in nucleus, has ribosomes, make up multicellular organisms. |
| Surface area to Volume ratio | Surface area must be much greater than the volume. |
| Cytoplasm | jelly-like substance that is enclosed by the cell membrane and contains all of the organelles. |
| Organelles | The parts of a cell that have a specialized function. |
| 1st Tenant of Cell Theory | All organisms are made of one or more cells. (Theodore Schwann) |
| 2nd Tenant of Cell Theory | The cell is the basic unit of all organisms. (Theodore Schwann) |
| 3rd Tenant of Cell Theory | All cells come from existing cells. (Rudolph Virchow) |
| Microscope | Tool used to observe cells. |
| Ribosomes | Put together amino acids to create new proteins |
| Mitochondria | Converts chemical energy into ATP |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | produces, transports, and processes proteins. |
| Golgi Complex | Packages and distributes proteins and lipids. |
| Cell Wall | Rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane in a plant cell. |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles that contain chlorophyll and allow the plant to turn sunlight, water, and CO2 into sucrose/ food for the plant. |
| Vacuole | Fluid filled vesicle that contains, enzymes, nutrients, water, or wastes |
| Lysomes | Contain enzymes that break down "trash" in the cell. |
| histologist | a person who studies cells |