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Chatham Chapter 2
Chatham Chapter 2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | the basic unit of matter |
| Compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| Ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| Ionic Bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Covalent Bond | type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared |
| Molecule | smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound |
| van der Waals force | slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| Hydrogen Bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom |
| Cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| Mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together by not chemically combined |
| Solution | type of mixture in which all of the components are evenly distributed |
| Solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| Suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| pH scale | scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| Monomer | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer |
| Polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| Carbohydrate | compound made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms. Type of nutrient that is a major source of energy for the body |
| Monosaccharide | simple sugar molecule |
| Lipid | Macromolecule made mostly from Carbon and Hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes. |
| Nucleic acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus |
| Nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair |
| Amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| Reactant | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Product | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| Activation energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| Catalyst | Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| Substrate | Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
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