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Macromolecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 types of macromolecules? | carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid |
| The "pieces" of macromolecules | monomers |
| The large molecules made by monomers | polymers |
| ELEMENTS found in carbohydrates | C, H, O 1:2:1 ratio |
| ELEMENTS found in lipids | C, H, O no ratio |
| ELEMENTS found in protein | C, H, O, N, & sometimes S |
| ELEMENTS found in nucleic acids | C, H, O, N, P |
| functions of carbohydrates | energy, energy storage, and some structures |
| monomers of carbohydrates | monosaccharides |
| polymers of carbohydrates | polysaccharides |
| polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants | starch |
| polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals | glycogen |
| polysaccharide used for structures - in plant cell walls | cellulose |
| polysaccharide used for structures - in exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans | chitin |
| monomers of lipids | triglyceride (1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids) |
| lipids that are solid at room temperature | fats |
| lipids that are liquid at room temperature | oils |
| straight fatty acid chains with NO double bonds (full of hydrogen) | saturated fats |
| bent fatty acid chains with at least 1 double bond (not full of hydrogen) | unsaturated fats |
| lipid that makes up the cell membrane | phospholipid |
| monomers of protein | amino acids |
| amino acids are held together with _________ bonds | peptide |
| proteins that act as catalysts | enzymes |
| catalysts (like an enzyme) _______-_______ reactions | speed-up |
| "______ & ______" - each enzyme only works on one specific molecule and does only one specific job | Lock & Key |
| the molecule the enzyme acts on | substrate |
| part of the enzyme where the substrate fits | active site |
| monomers of nucleic acids | nucleotides |
| 3 parts of the nucleotide | nitrogen base, sugar, & phosphate group |
| polymers of nucleic acids | DNA & RNA |
| functions of nucleic acid | carry and transfer hereditary information, blueprint for life |
| Organic molecules must include which element? | Carbon |
| The amount of energy needed to start a reaction (enzymes lower this). | activation energy |
Created by:
ballb
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