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Chapter 8 Vocab!
Chapter 8 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane on both sides of the membrane |
| isotonic solution | concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell |
| hypo-tonic solution | concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell then the concentration inside the cell |
| hyper-tonic solution | concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell |
| passive transport | movement of particles across a membrane using no energy |
| facilitated diffusion | passive transport of materials across the membrane using transport proteins |
| active transport | movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient |
| endocytosis | process in which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment |
| exocytosis | expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell |
| chromosomes | structures containing DNA and become darkly colored when stained |
| chromatin | long stands of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones |
| interphase | growth period of a cell |
| cell cycle | cell cycle the sequence of growth and division of a cell |
| mitosis | a cells period of nuclear division |
| prophase | the first (and longest) stage of mitosis |
| sister chromatids | the two halves of a double structure in a duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | the structure that holds sister chromatids together |
| centrioles | small, dark, cylindrical structures that are made of micro-tubules and are located just outside the nucleus |
| spindle | foot-ball shaped, cage like structure consisting of thin fibers made of micro-tubules |
| meta-phase | the short second phase of mitosis |
| anaphase | the 3rd phase of mitosis, marked by the separation of sister chromatids |
| telophase | final phase of mitosis |
| cytokinesis | when a cells cytoplasm divides |
| tissue | groups of cells that work together |
| organs | perform more complex roles in an organism |
| organ system | multiple organs that work together |
| cancer | malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division |
| gene | a segment of a DNA that controls the production of protein |
Created by:
smith_luke
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