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Gen. Cell Test 2

TermDefinition
Carbon Valence Shell 4 Electrons
Carbon Chemical Bond Two carbons share electrons by covalent bond
Structural Isomers Same chemical form; Different shape
Cis-Trans Isomer Need carbon double bond; cis- sits on same plane; trans- sits on opposite planes
Enantiomers Mirror images; makes tetrahedral structure due to presence of asymmetric carbon
Tetrahedral Requires only a single bond
Planar Requires double bonds
Hydroxyl Structure Hydrogen bond is bonded to oxygen bond; (HO-) or (-OH)
Hydroxyl Functions Dissolves organic compounds
Carbonyl Structure Carbon atom joined to oxygen by double bond (>CO)
Carbonyl Functions Creates ketoses and aldoses
Carboxyl Structure Oxygen double bonded with carbon also bonded to an -OH group (-COOH);
Carboxyl Functions Acts as an acid; Charge of 1-
Amino Structure Nitrogen atom bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms (-NH2)
Amino Functions Acts as base; Charge of 1+
Sulfahydryl Structure Consists of sulfur atom bonded to hydrogen atom (-SH) of (HS-)
Sulfahydryl Function Helps stabilize protein structure (3-D groups)
Phosphate Structure Phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms
Phosphate Functions Reacts with water to create energy
Methyl Structure Carbon bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms (-CH3)
Methyl Functions Affects expression of genes; Affects shape and function of sex hormonees
Asymmetric Carbon One is attached to 4 atoms or groups of atoms
Dehydration Loss of water molecule
Hydrolosis Polymers disassembled to monomers; it is the reverse reaction of dehydration reacion; water molecule is gained
Monomer Building blocks of a polymer; can have functions of their own
Polymer Long molecule made up of monomers linked by covalent bonds; carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acid
Carbohydrates Includes sugars and polymers of sugars
Monosaccharides Ex: Glucose; simple sugars; major nutrients for cells
Disaccharides Consists of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage
Created by: lindzx92
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