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Lesson 8
Review of Basic Chemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Polar Molecule | a molecule which has one end that is partially positive and the opposite end that is partially negative |
Hydrogen Bonding | a chemical combination of elements obtained by weak magnetic charges. This bonding is based upon atoms that are already bonded to other atoms |
Surface Tension | a result of hydrogen bonding causing water to clump together resulting in high tension on the water’s surface |
Mixture | two or more substances combined that can be separated by physical changes |
Pure Substance | matter that has a fixed composition, elements and compounds are examples. They can be separated by chemical changes |
Heterogeneous Mixtures | mixtures that are not uniform. The parts making up this mixture are clearly different from the other parts of the mixture. A mixture of rice and beans is an example- the beans are clearly different from the rice |
Homogeneous Mixtures | a mixture that is uniform throughout. They are so well mixed that the parts of this mixture are indistinguishable from each other |
Solvent | a substance that a solute is placed in to form solutions. A powdered drink mix is the solute and the water is the _______ |
Solute | a substance that is dissolved in a mixture. An example would be lemonade powder into water |
Acids | compounds that when placed in a solution give off hydrogen (H+) ions. A substance that exhibits these characteristics turns blue litmus paper red. These substances have a pH of less than 7. Vinegar is an example |
Bases | compounds that release hydroxide ions (-OH). These compounds usually turn red litmus paper blue and have a pH over 7 |
pH Scale | a range from 0-14 showing how acidic or basic a substance is. Acidic substances have pH values that are lower than 7. The more acidic something is, the lower the pH value. Neutral substances have a pH around 7. Basic substances have a pH value that is |