Describes a compound that consists primarily of carbon with some hydrogen atoms

process where enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms.

compound (usually a protein)that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it.

Group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property to the molecule.

compound that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

(in simple terms) a process where an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits using water

all the enzyme-medicated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules

molecules that are subunits of polymers

molecule that consists of multiple monomers

molecule that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

polysacchoride; major structural material in plants.

simple sugar; monomer of polysaccharides

polymer of many monosaccharides

polysaccharide; energy reservoir in plant cells

lipids that consists of glycerol molecule w/ fatty acids

small organic molecules that consist of a hydrocarbon "tail" topped with a carboxyl group "head"

fatty oily or waxy organic compund

double layer of L's arranged tail to tail; structural foundation of all cell membranes

2 fatty acid tails and a head that contains a phosphate group

fatty acid that contains no carbon- carbon double bonds

type of lipid with 4 carbon rings and no fatty acids

unsaturated fatty acid

fatty acid that has one or more carbon double bonds in it's tail.

water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings

small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. Consists of a carboxyl, amine and a characteristic group (R)all typically bonded to the same carbon atom

a bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins amino acids in proteins.

chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids(polypeptides)

to unravel the shape of a biological molecule

adenosine triphosphate. Nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

single or double stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar- phosphate bonds; for example DNA, RNA

Monomer of nucleic acids; has a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and phosphate groups.

Ribonucleic acid. Some types have roles in protein synthesis.

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Vocab ARCC Bio Ch3

Vocabulary from chapter 3 in the textbook!

Term	Definition
organic	Describes a compound that consists primarily of carbon with some hydrogen atoms
Condensation	process where enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms.
enzyme	compound (usually a protein)that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it.
functional group	Group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property to the molecule.
hydrocarbon	compound that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms
hydrolysis	(in simple terms) a process where an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits using water
metabolism	all the enzyme-medicated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules
monomers	molecules that are subunits of polymers
polymer	molecule that consists of multiple monomers
reaction	process of molecular change
carb	molecule that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
cellulose	polysacchoride; major structural material in plants.
disaccharide	polymer of 2 sugar subunits
monosaccharide	simple sugar; monomer of polysaccharides
polysaccharide	polymer of many monosaccharides
starch	polysaccharide; energy reservoir in plant cells
fat	lipids that consists of glycerol molecule w/ fatty acids
fatty acids	small organic molecules that consist of a hydrocarbon "tail" topped with a carboxyl group "head"
lipid	fatty oily or waxy organic compund
lipid bilayer	double layer of L's arranged tail to tail; structural foundation of all cell membranes
phospholipid	2 fatty acid tails and a head that contains a phosphate group
saturated fatty acid	fatty acid that contains no carbon- carbon double bonds
steroid	type of lipid with 4 carbon rings and no fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acid	fatty acid that has one or more carbon double bonds in it's tail.
triglyceride	a fat with 3 fatty acid tails
wax	water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings
amino acid	small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. Consists of a carboxyl, amine and a characteristic group (R)all typically bonded to the same carbon atom
peptide bond	a bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins amino acids in proteins.
polypeptide	chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
protein	organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids(polypeptides)
denature	to unravel the shape of a biological molecule
prion	infectious protein
ATP	adenosine triphosphate. Nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.
Nucleic acids	single or double stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar- phosphate bonds; for example DNA, RNA
nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acids; has a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and phosphate groups.
RNA	Ribonucleic acid. Some types have roles in protein synthesis.

Created by: annaleeblake

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