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Vocab ARCC Bio Ch3
Vocabulary from chapter 3 in the textbook!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organic | Describes a compound that consists primarily of carbon with some hydrogen atoms |
| Condensation | process where enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms. |
| enzyme | compound (usually a protein)that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it. |
| functional group | Group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property to the molecule. |
| hydrocarbon | compound that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| hydrolysis | (in simple terms) a process where an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits using water |
| metabolism | all the enzyme-medicated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules |
| monomers | molecules that are subunits of polymers |
| polymer | molecule that consists of multiple monomers |
| reaction | process of molecular change |
| carb | molecule that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| cellulose | polysacchoride; major structural material in plants. |
| disaccharide | polymer of 2 sugar subunits |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar; monomer of polysaccharides |
| polysaccharide | polymer of many monosaccharides |
| starch | polysaccharide; energy reservoir in plant cells |
| fat | lipids that consists of glycerol molecule w/ fatty acids |
| fatty acids | small organic molecules that consist of a hydrocarbon "tail" topped with a carboxyl group "head" |
| lipid | fatty oily or waxy organic compund |
| lipid bilayer | double layer of L's arranged tail to tail; structural foundation of all cell membranes |
| phospholipid | 2 fatty acid tails and a head that contains a phosphate group |
| saturated fatty acid | fatty acid that contains no carbon- carbon double bonds |
| steroid | type of lipid with 4 carbon rings and no fatty acids |
| unsaturated fatty acid | fatty acid that has one or more carbon double bonds in it's tail. |
| triglyceride | a fat with 3 fatty acid tails |
| wax | water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings |
| amino acid | small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. Consists of a carboxyl, amine and a characteristic group (R)all typically bonded to the same carbon atom |
| peptide bond | a bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins amino acids in proteins. |
| polypeptide | chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| protein | organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids(polypeptides) |
| denature | to unravel the shape of a biological molecule |
| prion | infectious protein |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate. Nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. |
| Nucleic acids | single or double stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar- phosphate bonds; for example DNA, RNA |
| nucleotide | Monomer of nucleic acids; has a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and phosphate groups. |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid. Some types have roles in protein synthesis. |
Created by:
annaleeblake
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