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Chapter 7 Vocab
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | a microscopic structure that makes up a living organism |
| cell theory | 1. all organism are composed of one or more cells. 2. all cells are the basic unit of life. 3. cells form from pre-existing cells |
| compound light microscope | microscope that uses a combination of different lenses and lights to magnify an object |
| electron microscope | a microscope of extremely high power that uses beams of electrons focused by magnetic lenses |
| eukaryote | a complex cell |
| nucleus | a large membrane in a living cells that contains cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism, growth, and reproduction |
| organelle | a specific part of a cell |
| prokaryote | a simple cell |
| fluid mosaic model | a model designed to describe the structural features of membranes |
| phospholipid | a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers |
| plasma membrane | a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment |
| selective permeability | The property of a membrane or other material that allows some substances to pass through it more easily than others. |
| transport proteins | transport proteins in the cell membrane "pick up" molecules outside the cell and carry them in, using energy. |
| cell wall | the tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells |
| chlorophyll | green plant pigment used in photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | part of plant cell containing chlorophyll |
| chromatin | the substance that forms chromosomes and contains DNA, RNA, and various proteins |
| cilia | tiny, hair-like structures on some cells to help them move |
| cytoplasm | the complex of chemical compounds and structures within a plant or animal cell excluding the nucleus |
| cytoskeleton | the internal network of protein filaments and microtubules in an animal or plant cell that controls the cell's shape and movement |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transport membrane in cell cytoplasm |
| flagella | a tail-like structure to help some cells move |
| Golgi apparatus | a membranous structure in the cytoplasm of cells consisting of layers of flattened sacs and functioning in the processing and transporting of proteins |
| lysosomes | cell component that recycles molecules |
| microfilament | a thin thread of protein found in muscle and the cytoplasm of all cells |
| microtubule | a hollow tubular structure composed of the protein tubulin that helps to maintain the shape and movement of a living cell and the transportation of material within it. |
| mitochondria | a cell's powerhouse |
| nucleolus | a small round body inside a cell nucleus, composed of protein and RNA |
| plastid | a specialized component organelle in a photosynthetic plant cell that contains pigment, ribosomes, and DNA |
| ribosomes | cluster of proteins and RNA |
| vacuole | a membrane-bound compartment containing fluid that is found in the cytoplasm of a cell |
Created by:
_hannahmiley
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