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Chap 3 - Cells
Chapter 3 - Introduction to Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm |
| Who discovered the first cell? | Robert Hooke |
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? | 1) All organisms are made of one or more cells. 2) The cell is the basic unit of all living things. 3) All cells come from existing cells. |
| Cell Membrane | A phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment |
| Organelle | One of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| Nucleus | In a EUKARYOTIC cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in the processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
| Prokaryote | An organism that consists of a single cell that does NOT have a nucleus (PRO means NO nucleus!); prokaryotes include archaebacteria and eubacteria |
| Eukaryote | An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; eukaryotes include plants, animals, and fungi |
| Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to a cell; plants, algae, and fungi have cell walls |
| Ribosomes | Cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis (protein making) |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and the production of lipids |
| Mitochondria | In eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration (energy production) |
| Chloroplast | In producers (plant and algae cells), the organelle where photosynthesis occurs |
| Golgi Complex | Cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
| Vesicle | A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell |
| Lysosomes | A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| Tissue | A group of cells that perform a common function |
| Organ | A collection of tissues that perform a common function of the body |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform body functions |
| Organism | A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently |
| Structure | The arrangement of parts in an organism |
| Function | The special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part |
Created by:
MrsBarr
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