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HN Biology CHPT. 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | substance that can't be broken down |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element |
| Nucleus | positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons. |
| Isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. |
| Compound | substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| Molecule | group of atoms held together by colvalent bonds; has no overall charge |
| Ion | atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons has an electrical charge |
| Ionic Bond | chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge |
| Metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| Mixture | combination of substances |
| Solution | mixture in which one or more substances (solute) are distributed evenly in another substance |
| pH | measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| Acid | any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water and has a pH below 7 |
| Base | any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and has a pH above 7. |
| Diffusion | net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to area of low concentration. |
| Dynamic equilibrium | movement but no concentration change |
| Hydrogen Bond | attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms weak bond |
| Polar Molecule | molecule with an unequal distribution of charge. (Positive and negative.) |
| Amino Acid | basic building blocks of proteins |
| Carbohydrate | biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen with ratio of about 2 H atoms and 1 O atom for every carbon atom |
| Enzyme | protein that changes rate of chemical reaction |
| Isomer | compounds that have same chemical formula but different 3- dimensional structures |
| lipid | large biomolecules that mostly made of C and H and small amount of O. |
| Nucleci Acid | complex biomoleucule that stores celluar info. in form of code |
| Nucleotide | nucleic acids are polymers made of smaller subunits |
| Peptide Bond | covalent bond formed between animo acids |
| Polymer | a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| Protein | large complex polymer composed of C, H. O, N and sulfur |