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HN Biology CHPT. 6

TermDefinition
Element substance that can't be broken down
Atom Smallest particle of an element
Nucleus positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
Isotope atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
Compound substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Covalent Bond Chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Molecule group of atoms held together by colvalent bonds; has no overall charge
Ion atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons has an electrical charge
Ionic Bond chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge
Metabolism all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Mixture combination of substances
Solution mixture in which one or more substances (solute) are distributed evenly in another substance
pH measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
Acid any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water and has a pH below 7
Base any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and has a pH above 7.
Diffusion net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to area of low concentration.
Dynamic equilibrium movement but no concentration change
Hydrogen Bond attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms weak bond
Polar Molecule molecule with an unequal distribution of charge. (Positive and negative.)
Amino Acid basic building blocks of proteins
Carbohydrate biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen with ratio of about 2 H atoms and 1 O atom for every carbon atom
Enzyme protein that changes rate of chemical reaction
Isomer compounds that have same chemical formula but different 3- dimensional structures
lipid large biomolecules that mostly made of C and H and small amount of O.
Nucleci Acid complex biomoleucule that stores celluar info. in form of code
Nucleotide nucleic acids are polymers made of smaller subunits
Peptide Bond covalent bond formed between animo acids
Polymer a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together
Protein large complex polymer composed of C, H. O, N and sulfur
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