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Chapter 6 vocab

Biochemistry

TermDefinition
acid Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water
atom Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element
base Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (OH-) in water.
compound Is a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
covalent bond When two atoms share electrons, such as two hydrogen stoms sharing electrons, the force that holds them together
element Substance that cant be broken down into simpler chemical substances
ion Is a charged particle made of atoms
ionic bond The attractive force between two ions of oppisite charge
isotope Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
metabolism All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
mixture A combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties
molecule
nucleus The center of an atom
pH
solution Is a mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent)
diffusion Is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
dynamic equilibrium This condition, in which there isd continuous movement but no overall concentration change
hydrogen This attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms a weak bond
polar molecule Is a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge; that is, each molecule has a positive end and a negative end
amino acid The basic building blocks of proteins
carbohydrate Is a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of about two for every carbon atom
enzyme Is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction
isomer Compunds that have the same chemical formula but different three-dimentional structures
lipid Are large biomolecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen
nucleic acid
nucleotide Nucleic acids are polymers made of smaller subinits
peptide bond The covalent bond formed between the amino acids
polymer Is a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together
protein A large complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Created by: sarahmass
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