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Chapter 6 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acid | any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a pH below 7 |
| atom | smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element |
| base | any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7 |
| compound | substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| element | substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substance |
| ion | atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons |
| ionic bond | chemical bond formed by the atractive forces between two ions of opposite charge |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| mixture | combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties |
| molecule | group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| nucleus | positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons |
| pH | measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| solution | mixture of which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance |
| diffusion | net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution |
| dynamic equilibrium | result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration |
| hydrogen bond | weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms |
| polar molecule | molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end |
| amino acids | basic building blocks of protein molecules |
| carbohydrate | organic compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| enzymes | type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reaction |
| isomers | compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties |
| lipids | large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen |
| nucleic acid | complex biomolecules, DNA and RNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code |
| nucleotides | subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| peptide bond | covalent bond formed between amino acids |
| polymer | large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| protein | large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
Created by:
makenzie_
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