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Chapter 6
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Elements | A subsatnce that can not be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| Atom | the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Compound | A substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| Covalent Bond | When two atoms share electons,such as two hydrogen atoms sharing electons, the force that holds them together |
| Molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Ionic Bond | the attractive force between two ions of oppisite charge |
| Ion | a charged partic;e made of atoms |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical reations that occur within an organism |
| Mixture | A combonation of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties |
| Solution | A mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance |
| pH | a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| Acid | any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water |
| Base | any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water |
| polar molecule | A molecule with an enequal distribution of charge |
| Hydrogen Bond | Attraction of oppisites charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms a weak bond |
| Diffusion | the net movment of particles from from an area of lower concentration |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | The condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall concentration change |
| isomers | Compounds that have the same chemical formula but differetn three dimentional structures |
| Carbohydrate | A biomelecule composed of carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom |
| Lipids | Large biomolecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen |
| Protein | A large, Complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| Amino acids | The basic building blocks of proteins |
| Peptide Bond | The covalent bond formed between the amino acids. |
| Enzyme | A protein that changes the rate of a chemical reation |
| Nucleic Acid | A complex biomelecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code |
| Nucleotide | Nucleic acids are polymers made of smaller subunits |
| Polymer | a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
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